Spatial memory deficits in patients with lesions to the right hippocampus and to the right parahippocampal cortex

Bohbot, Véronique D.; Kalina, Miroslav; Štěpánková, Kateřina; Špačková, Nataša; Petrides, Michael; Nadel, Lynn

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00161-9

Cited by 472 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In summary, then, these preliminary data support the notion that right hippocampal function is crucial for spatial learning and memory. They are thus congruent with the data presented in Experiment 5 above and with data from other laboratories (see, e.g., Abrahams, Pickering, Polkey, & Morris, 1997;Bohbot et al, 1998;Maguire et al, 1998;Maguire et al, 1997). Perhaps more significantly, these data illustrate two potential uses of the C-G Arena and the ART in neuropsychologicalevaluation (see also Skelton et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Place learning in virtual space III: Investigation of spatial navigation training procedures and their application to fMRI and clinical neuropsychology

Thomas

Hsu

Laurance

et al. 2001

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Place learning in virtual space III: Investigation of spatial navigation training procedures and their application to fMRI and clinical neuropsychology

Thomas

Hsu

Laurance

et al. 2001

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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“…Anterior hippocampal and parahippocampal activity was greater, in general, during goal-directed navigation relative to aimless movements, an outcome that may appear inconsistent with human studies indicating that posterior medial temporal cortical regions are especially critical to spatial navigation (Ghaem et al, 1997;Bohbot et al, 1998;Maguire et al, 1998). An important difference between previous human neuroimaging studies and the current study is that the former studies usually involved significant training outside the scanner before neural activity was measured and the latter did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Human Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Theta during Goal-Directed Spatial Navigation Predicts Performance on a Virtual Morris Water Maze

Cornwell¹,

Johnson²,

Holroyd³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience

203

202

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The hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices exhibit theta oscillations during spatial navigation in animals and humans, and in the former are thought to mediate spatial memory formation. Functional specificity of human hippocampal theta, however, is unclear. Neuromagnetic activity was recorded with a whole-head 275-channel magnetoencephalographic (MEG) system as healthy participants navigated to a hidden platform in a virtual reality Morris water maze. MEG data were analyzed for underlying oscillatory sources in the 4 -8 Hz band using a spatial filtering technique (i.e., synthetic aperture magnetometry). Source analyses revealed greater theta activity in the left anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices during goal-directed navigation relative to aimless movements in a sensorimotor control condition. Additional analyses showed that left anterior hippocampal activity was predominantly observed during the first one-half of training, pointing to a role for this region in early learning. Moreover, posterior hippocampal theta was highly correlated with navigation performance, with the former accounting for 76% of the variance of the latter. Our findings suggest human spatial learning is dependent on hippocampal and parahippocampal theta oscillations, extending to humans a significant body of research demonstrating such a pivotal role for hippocampal theta in animal navigation.

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“…Neuropsychological data is also consistent with a hippocampal role in spatial memory in humans: patients with hippocampal lesions show impaired memory for object locations (Abrahams et al, 1999;Smith & Milner, 1981;Vargha-Khadem et al, 1997), particularly when allocentric information is required (Bohbot et al, 1998;Holdstock et al, 2000;King, Burgess, Hartley, Vargha-Khadem, & O'Keefe, 2001;Spiers, Burgess, Hartley, Vargha-Khadem, & O'Keefe, 2002). However, since Scoville and Milner's classic case study (Scoville & Milner, 1957;see Spiers, Maguire, & Burgess, 2001 for a recent review of hippocampal amnesia) it has been clear that amnesia for non-spatial information also is associated with hippocampal lesions, indicating that the hippocampus plays a more general role in human memory (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978;Cohen & Eichenbaum, 1993;Squire & Zola-Morgan, 1991).…”

Section: Forms Of Neural Representationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Geometric determinants of human spatial memory

2004

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Geometric alterations to the boundaries of a virtual environment were used to investigate the representations underlying human spatial memory. Subjects encountered a cue object in a simple rectangular enclosure, with distant landmarks for orientation. After a brief delay, during which they were removed from the arena, subjects were returned to it at a new location and orientation and asked to mark the place where the cue had been. On some trials the geometry (size, aspect ratio) of the arena was varied between presentation and testing. Responses tended to lie somewhere between a location that maintained fixed distances from nearby walls and a location that maintained fixed ratios of the distances between opposing walls. The former were more common after expansions and for cued locations nearer to the edge while the latter were more common after contractions and for locations nearer to the center. The spatial distributions of responses predicted by various simple geometric models were compared to the data. The best fitting model was one derived from the response properties of 'place cells' in the rat hippocampus, which matches the 'proximities' 1=ðd þ cÞ of the cue to the four walls of the arena, where d is the distance to a wall and c is a global constant. Subjects also tended to adopt the same orientation at presentation and testing, although this was not due to using a view matching strategy, which could be ruled out in 50% of responses. Disoriented responses were most often seen where the cued location was near the center of the arena or where the long axis of a rectangular arena was changed between presentation and testing, suggesting that the geometry of the arena acts as a weak cue to orientation. Overall, the results suggest a process of visual landmark matching to determine orientation, combined with an abstract representation of the proximity of the cued location to the walls of the arena consistent with the neural representation of location in the hippocampus. q

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Spatial memory deficits in patients with lesions to the right hippocampus and to the right parahippocampal cortex

Cited by 472 publications

References 42 publications

Place learning in virtual space III: Investigation of spatial navigation training procedures and their application to fMRI and clinical neuropsychology

Place learning in virtual space III: Investigation of spatial navigation training procedures and their application to fMRI and clinical neuropsychology

Human Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Theta during Goal-Directed Spatial Navigation Predicts Performance on a Virtual Morris Water Maze

Geometric determinants of human spatial memory

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