Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation

Hodapp, Dorothee; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Lind, Eric M.; Seabloom, Eric W.; Adler, Peter B.; Alberti, Juan; Arnillas, Carlos Alberto; Bakker, Jonathan D.; Biederman, Lori A.; Cadotte, Marc W.; Cleland, Elsa E.; Collins, Scott L.; Fay, Philip A.; Firn, Jennifer; Hagenah, Nicole; Hautier, Yann; Iribarne, Oscar; Knops, Johannes M. H.; McCulley, Rebecca L.; MacDougall, Andrew S.; Moore, Joslin L.; Morgan, John; Mortensen, Brent; Pierre, Kimberly J. La; Risch, Anita C.; Schütz, Martin; Peri, Pablo Luís; Wright, Justin P.; Hillebrand, Helmut

doi:10.1111/ele.13102

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…The greatest turnover occurred in the most fertile forest stands during the first decade after a major disturbance, such as clear‐cutting, but fertility was not a driver of community change in the oldest forests. These findings provide two novel aspects on the emerging view that spatial heterogeneity [also enabling a larger regional species pool via spatial storage effect (Chesson, 2000)] may result in higher temporal turnover (Hodapp et al., 2018). First, our findings reveal that disturbance history, which in forest systems is mirrored by successional stage, is strongly controlling temporal turnover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient

Kaarlejärvi

Salemaa

Tonteri

et al. 2020

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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AimThe diversity and composition of natural communities are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic disturbances. Magnitude of this compositional reorganization varies across the globe, but reasons behind the variation remain largely unknown. Disturbances induce temporal turnover by stimulating species colonizations, causing local extinctions, altering dominance structure, or all of these. We test which of these processes drive temporal community changes, and whether they are constrained by natural environmental gradients. Moreover, we assess to what degree identity shifts translate to changes in dominance structure.LocationFinland.Time periodObservations 1985–2006, disturbance history > 140 years.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe investigated temporal turnover of boreal forest understorey in response to disturbance, here forest management, along a soil fertility gradient. We disentangle the roles of species gains, losses and abundance changes in driving temporal turnover in response to and after disturbance by comparing turnover rates in different forest age categories along a fertility gradient. We quantify temporal turnover using richness‐based complement of Jaccard’s similarity index and proportional‐abundance based dissimilarity index. We also test whether disturbance history or fertility influence the relationship between identity shifts and dominance structure.ResultsWe found that the impact of disturbance on temporal turnover depends on soil fertility. The greatest turnover occurred in the most fertile forests immediately after disturbance. There, species gains and losses strongly altered dominance structure leading to high turnover, whereas undisturbed old forests and nutrient‐poor habitats were characterized by stable dominant species even when the majority of species shifted their identity.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that human impacts on temporal biodiversity change vary along environmental gradients. In boreal forests, the fertile habitats have a higher probability than nutrient‐poor sites of changing their composition in response to anthropogenic disturbances. Resource availability and disturbance history may thus influence consequences of temporal turnover for ecosystem functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient

Kaarlejärvi

Salemaa

Tonteri

et al. 2020

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…This does not only allow filling a gap, as tropical areas may show different responses as they, for example, are characterised by higher species richness and spatial beta‐diversity as well as higher temperature and potentially lower generation times. A recent global analysis of grasslands showed that the temporal dynamics of communities strongly depends on the spatial diversity allowing colonisation (Hodapp et al ). Mapped to recovery, this suggests that disturbance studies in the field would strongly profit from a metacommunity approach taking the spatial component of diversity outside the study plots into consideration, as has been shown in some microcosm experiments (Gülzow et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis on pulse disturbances reveals differences in functional and compositional recovery across ecosystems

2020

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Most ecosystems are affected by anthropogenic or natural pulse disturbances, which alter the community composition and functioning for a limited period of time. Whether and how quickly communities recover from such pulses is central to our understanding of biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem organisation, but also to nature conservation and management. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 508 (semi-)natural field experiments globally distributed across marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We found recovery to be significant yet incomplete. At the end of the experiments, disturbed treatments resembled controls again when considering abundance (94%), biomass (82%), and univariate diversity measures (88%). Most disturbed treatments did not further depart from control after the pulse, indicating that few studies showed novel trajectories induced by the pulse. Only multivariate community composition on average showed little recovery: disturbed species composition remained dissimilar to the control throughout most experiments. Still, when experiments revealed a higher compositional stability, they tended to also show higher functional stability. Recovery was more complete when systems had high resistance, whereas resilience and resistance were negatively correlated. The overall results were highly consistent across studies, but significant differences between ecosystems and organism groups appeared. Future research on disturbances should aim to understand these differences, but also fill obvious gaps in the empirical assessments for regions (especially the tropics), ecosystems and organisms. In summary, we provide general evidence that (semi-)natural communities can recover from pulse disturbances, but compositional aspects are more vulnerable to long-lasting effects of pulse disturbance than the emergent functions associated to them.

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“…Patterns of species richness across spatial scales have been widely studied [7–9], whereas there is a growing research interest for β-diversity patterns. β-diversity reflects how communities respond to environmental gradients and changes, and climate change [4, 10–13]. Among the most often used metrics of β-diversity are pairwise (dis)similarity indices (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and drivers of species richness and turnover of neo-endemic and palaeo-endemic vascular plants in a Mediterranean hotspot: the case of Crete, Greece

Lazarina

Kallimanis

Dimopoulos

et al. 2019

J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki

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BackgroundExploring species richness and turnover patterns and their drivers can provide new insights into underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly, with significant implications for biodiversity conservation. Here, we explored diversity patterns of non-endemic, neo-endemic and palaeo-endemic vascular plants in Crete, Greece, a Mediterranean hotspot of plant richness and endemism. We evaluated the relationship between α-diversity and environmental (bioclimatic variables, topography), and anthropogenic variables by Generalized Additive Models, after accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Then, we quantified turnover using the novel concept of zeta diversity (the number of shared species by multiple sites), a framework which allows to explore the full spectrum of compositional turnover, the contribution of rare and widespread species to observed patterns and the underlying processes shaping them. Finally, we explored the abiotic and biotic effects, i.e. how well one category of species (non-endemics, palaeo-endemics, neo-endemics) predicts the patterns of the other categories, on zeta diversity by multi-site Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling.ResultsWe found a strong correlation between neo-endemic and palaeo-endemic α-diversity, with climate, topography, and human impact driving species richness. Zeta diversity analysis revealed a sharper decrease of shared palaeo-endemic species, followed by neo-endemics, and then by non-endemics with the number of sites considered to estimate compositional turnover. Perhaps, the narrow distributions of palaeo-endemics as relict species and often habitat specialists, thus persisting locally, and of neo-endemics that may have not reached yet their potential geographical range, resulted in the observed zeta diversity decline pattern. Deterministic processes controlled species turnover of rare non-endemic and neo-endemic species, while deterministic and stochastic processes contributed similarly to palaeo-endemic turnover. However, stochasticity dominates in the case of widespread species in all occasions. The environmental and anthropogenic variables were poor predictors of compositional turnover, especially of widespread species. However, the non-endemic species composition was correlated to rare palaeo-endemics and neo-endemics, highlighting the importance of biotic effects in driving turnover patterns.ConclusionsIt seems that centers of neo-endemism of vascular plants coincide with centers of palaeo-endemism in Crete, but species richness and species turnover are shaped by different drivers.

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Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation

Cited by 43 publications

References 59 publications

Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient

Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient

Meta‐analysis on pulse disturbances reveals differences in functional and compositional recovery across ecosystems

Patterns and drivers of species richness and turnover of neo-endemic and palaeo-endemic vascular plants in a Mediterranean hotspot: the case of Crete, Greece

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