Spatial heterogeneity in Spain for senior travel behavior

Abstract

Every time, the travel patterns are becoming more di erentiated, in uenced by new variables resulting from changes in lifestyle. The relevance of the senior segment for the industry, with the continuous population aging, and their economic status, made this segment very attractive group for the sector, and more in a country as Spain characterized by its aging. The spatial e ects are being considered as a key element to understand this process, but there are only a few number of researches focusing on cross-cultural in uences and the neighbourhood context. For this purpose, the technique of Geographically Weighted Principal Component Analysis (GWPCA) is applied in a novel way for the sector, showing di erent behaviour patterns according to area of origin. The GWPCA is a localized version of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used when there is a certain spatial heterogeneity in the structure of a multivariate data set. The results con rm that GWPCA is an e ective statistic methodology to research the spatial heterogeneity for travel behaviour, with clearly di erentiated scenarios for the north, centre and south of Spain.

Attributes of Senior-Friendly Tourism Destinations for Current and Future Senior Tourists: An Importance-Performance Analysis Approach

“…In the tourism context, the term "senior tourist" has been used broadly in previous studies, with seniors being considered to be those more than 35 years old (Hughes & Deutsch, 2010), 50 years old (C. F. Chen & Wu, 2009;Pezeshki et al, 2019), 55 years old (Losada et al, 2019;Patterson, 2006), and 60 years old (Esiyok et al, 2018;Jang et al, 2009;Johann & Padma, 2016). Some distinguish between "younger seniors," that is, those from 65 to 79 years old, and "seniors," that is, those above 80 years old (Möller et al, 2007).…”

“…For this study, the selection of target respondents was based on three inclusion criteria: (a) must have travel experience to any tourism destination in Malaysia, (b) must be aged between 40 and 54 years old (future seniors), or aged 55 years old and above (seniors), and (c) must be in good health. In regard to the age of the respondents, there is no agreed age definition for seniors; however, several studies have defined people more than 55 years old as senior (Alén et al, 2014;Losada et al, 2019;Patterson, 2006), while others have used a lower limit of 40 years old to define future seniors as those aged 40 to 49 years old (Esiyok et al, 2018;Mohd et al, 2019). The health status of tourists was measured by the number of prescribed drugs taken and the existence of chronic illnesses.…”

Coastal Tourism Spatial Planning at the Regional Unit: Identifying Coastal Tourism Hotspots Based on Social Media Data

“…Therefore, there was a limit to understanding the spatial distribution and concentration of coastal tourism and to understand the trade-off relationship with ecological impacts that may occur as the number of visitors increases [18,19]. Through this, it was difficult to grasp the "spatial heterogeneity" of the distribution of coastal tourism [20], which is important information in establishing spatial planning [19], and there were many cases of failure to derive the management priority of coastal tourism due to coarse-scale analysis [21].…”

“…Second, it is necessary to understand the spatial typology of coastal tourism as a prerequisite for establishing a spatial management policy for coastal tourism [22]. Much like other human activities, coastal tourism is geographically unevenly distributed [18,20,22], creating hotspots where tourists are concentrated in certain areas. This spatial distribution of tourist hotspots is caused by a combination of people's preferences for individual tourist destinations and the distribution of tourist attractions that have a place identity according to the visitor's experience [23,24].…”

Understanding the Dimensionality and Underlying Nature of Senior Overseas Travel Motivations

“…Research on senior travel has attempted to keep pace with aging populations. Previous studies investigate transport mode choices (Hsu & Lee, 2002; Hung & Petrick, 2010); travel behavior (Losada et al, 2019); constraints (Fleischer & Pizam, 2002; Gao & Kerstetter, 2016); wellness and quality of life (Hwang & Lee, 2019; Kim et al, 2015); and market segmentation (H. Kuo & Lu, 2013; Ward, 2014).…”