“…Our study, using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, demonstrated that genetic variation is relatively high in C. gachua . The total haplotype diversity ( h ) across the samples was 0.955, indicating a high level of genetic diversity in C. gachua , which is similar to the results obtained for other freshwater fishes in South China, such as G. hainanensis ( h = 1.00; Chen et al., 2007 ), G. orientalis ( h = 0.981; Yang et al., 2016 ), and O. hainanensis ( h = 0.946; Zhang et al., 2020 ). Compared with other freshwater fishes in South China, the nucleotide diversity of C. gachua ( θπ = 3.18%) was higher than that of other species (1.494% for O. hainanensis , see Zhang et al., 2020 ; 1.49% for A. normalis , see Huang et al., 2019 ; 2.292% for O. lepturum , see Zhou et al., 2017 ; 0.744% for G. orientalis , see Yang et al., 2016 ; and 1.875% for G. hainanensis , see Chen et al., 2007 ).…”