Spatial frequency discrimination: Visual long-term memory or criterion setting?

Lages, Martin; Treisman, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)88333-2

Cited by 81 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This has been called "sensory memory theory" (Lages & Treisman, 1998). In contrast, the phenomenon of "change blindness" (Rensink, O'Regan & Clark, 1997) might be defined as the inability to discriminate between stimuli which are separated by a time interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations for Change Detection in Multiple Gabor Targets

Wright¹,

Green²,

Baker³

2000

Visual Cognition

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We investigate the limitations on the ability to detect when a target has changed, using Gabor targets as simple quantifiable stimuli. Using a partial report technique to equalise response variables, we show that the log of the Weber fraction for detecting a spatial frequency change is proportional to the log of the number of targets, with a set-size effect that is greater than that reported for visual search. This is not a simple perceptual limitation, because pre-cueing a single target out of four restores performance to the level found when only one target is present. It is argued that the primary limitation on performance is the division of attention across multiple targets, rather than decay within visual memory. However in a simplified change detection experiment without cueing, where only one target of the set changed, not only was the set size effect still larger, but it was greater at 2000 msec ISI than at 250 msec ISI, indicating a possible memory component. The steepness of the set size effects obtained suggests that even moderate complexity of a stimulus in terms of number of component objects can overload attentional processes, suggesting a possible low-level mechanism for change blindness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations for Change Detection in Multiple Gabor Targets

Wright¹,

Green²,

Baker³

2000

Visual Cognition

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“…Lages and Treisman (1998), however, showed that spatial frequency discrimination data that had been thought to demonstrate visual long-term memory could be accounted for by criterion setting at the decision stage. Individual performance in a given trial was based on a comparison between the test stimulus and a decision criterion, rather than on a sensory memory of the reference stimulus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Individual performance in a given trial was based on a comparison between the test stimulus and a decision criterion, rather than on a sensory memory of the reference stimulus. For example, spatial frequency discrimination was not impaired when observers had to guess a midpoint from a few test stimuli in the absence of a reference (Lages, 1998; Experiment 2 in Lages & Treisman, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual long-term memory for spatial frequency?

Lages

Paul

2006

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…In other words, according to IRM, the negative Type B effect can either be present or absent, however, it cannot reverse. This general mechanism 1 Please note that even such an extended version could not account without further assumptions for sequential effects reported in the literature Dyjas et al 2012;Lages and Treisman 1998). Nevertheless, such sequential effects are consistent with the basic mechanism of the Internal Reference Model outlined in the following paragraphs.…”

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confidence: 55%

Effects of stimulus order on discrimination sensitivity for short and long durations

Bausenhart

Dyjas

Ulrich

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Previous studies have shown that discrimination sensitivity in 2AFC tasks depends on the presentation order of the standard and comparison stimulus. The present study examined whether this so-called Type B effect generalizes across different standard magnitudes. Therefore, Experiment 1 employed an auditory duration discrimination task with short (100 ms) and long (1,000 ms) standard durations and a constant interstimulus interval (ISI) of 1,000 ms. For both standard durations, a clear Type B effect emerged. In Experiment 2, discrimination sensitivity was assessed for short (300 ms) and long (1,000 ms) ISIs and a constant standard duration of 100 ms, in order to examine whether the Type B effect diminishes or even reverses when both stimuli are presented in rapid succession, as was suggested by previous studies. In the short, but not the long ISI condition, the Type B effect was virtually eliminated. Taken together, the present experiments suggest that the Type B effect is robust across standard magnitude, but diminishes when the time interval between both stimuli is reduced. This result pattern is discussed within the framework of the Internal Reference Model and the Sensation Weighting Model. It is also demonstrated that both models provide a quantitative account of the present results. In typical psychophysical tasks such as the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task, participants are asked to discriminate between a fixed-magnitude standard stimulus s and a variable comparison stimulus c, whose magnitude can be lower, equal to or higher than the magnitude of the standard. In the temporal 2AFC task, these two stimuli are presented successively in one of two temporal orders, that is, sc and cs , to balance for potential effects of stimulus order on task performance. Researchers often disregard such order effects by aggregating data across stimulus order. However, if the observed data are analyzed separately for the two stimulus orders, order effects are commonly observed. For example, the order-conditional psychophysical functions observed in a typical 2AFC task might be shifted horizontally from the point of objective equality (i.e., a Type A order effect or time-order error), such that the magnitude of the first stimulus is either judged to be higher or lower than the magnitude of the second one. Theoretically, this might be the sign of a perceptual, decisional, or response bias, and has been extensively studied (cf. Eisler, Eisler, & Hellström, 2008). More important for the purpose of the present study, however, is the so-called Type B order effect (Ulrich 2010;Ulrich & Vorberg, 2009). This effect refers to the phenomenon that the spread of the order-conditional psychometric functions may differ with regard to stimulus order. Specifically, the difference limen (DL) is typically larger and thus discrimination sensitivity

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Spatial frequency discrimination: Visual long-term memory or criterion setting?

Cited by 81 publications

References 30 publications

Limitations for Change Detection in Multiple Gabor Targets

Limitations for Change Detection in Multiple Gabor Targets

Visual long-term memory for spatial frequency?

Effects of stimulus order on discrimination sensitivity for short and long durations

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