Spatial dynamics of the Girolando breed in Brazil: analysis of genetic integration and environmental factors

Costa, Nathalia Silva da; Silva, Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da; Panetto, J. C. do C.; Machado, M. A.; Seixas, Luiza; Peripolli, Vanessa; Guimarães, Renato Fontes; Júnior, Osmar Abı́lio de Carvalho; Vieira, Renata; McManus, Concepta

doi:10.1007/s11250-020-02426-z

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Each cow was considered an experimental repetition. The average yield did not correct for the fat of Gyr and Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Gyr, and 1 2 Holstein 1 2 Gyr), and was 10 and 15 L.day −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This region’s climate has a high potential for forage production. Still, high temperatures, humidity, and intense solar radiation affect the farmer’s ability to maintain balanced milk production throughout the year [ 1 ], as the climate affects the productivity and longevity of dairy cows [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Girolando animals are preferably adopted by all types of farmers (small to large) due to the productivity and rusticity of these animals when exposed to a tropical climate, especially in summer [4]. The Holstein and Gyr breeds represent almost 80% of the country's milk production [1]. In environments with a higher incidence of radiation, high temperatures, and humidity, the combination of genetics and environment determines important parameters that benefit the production levels of the Girolando breed at pasture [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

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Ferreira

Mazocco

et al. 2021

Animals

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Under conditions of high temperature, humidity, and incidence of solar radiation, dairy cows use behavioral changes as a strategy to decrease the metabolic heat production at pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of Gyr and Girolando (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Gyr, and ½ Holstein ½ Gyr) dairy cows submitted to environments with and without shade. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Technology Center for Dairy Zebu breeds—CTZL), Brasilia, Distrito Federal—Brazil, with 48 Gyr and Girolando cows total in the lactation group, with low to medium milk production, in full sun or shade with Eucalyptus urograndis (267 plants/ha−1). The physiological and behavioral characteristics evaluated were panting score, superficial temperature, and time spent grazing, ruminating, and lying down. Other traits included skin and coat thickness, hair diameter, density and length, and predominant coat color. In addition, body measurements, such as body length, the height of withers, chest circumference, and shin circumference, were measured. Shaded cows had 34% longer rumination times than cows in full sun (p = 0.01). With a temperature-humidity index ranging from 79 to 83, the rumination time was 1.7 times higher in cows under shade (p = 0.01) during a 24-h period of observation. There were no significant differences in the grazing time between the environments, but lying time was 23% longer in cows under the sun (p = 0.01). The panting score was not influenced by the environment (p = 0.17). Girolando cows had a 35% higher panting score than Gyr cows (p = 0.01) regardless of the environment. The panting score increased two and a half times during the afternoon compared with the morning (p = 0.01). The surface and rectal core temperatures had significant differences between treatments and time of the day. Body measurements were not different between cows in both environments, but there was a difference between breeds. The use of trees in pastures with a silvopastoral system for dairy zebu cows is indicated to improve grazing behavior, as well as time spent ruminating and lying down.

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Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

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Ferreira

Mazocco

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…production levels of B. taurus with increased heat tolerance of B. indicus, developing a high producing and heat-tolerant breed. In Brazil, the Girolando breed is becoming increasingly popular (Costa et al 2020), with nationwide distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated temperature-humidity index induces physiological, blood and milk alterations in Holstein cows in a more pronounced manner than in 1/2 and 3/4 Holstein × Gir

Stumpf

Kolling

Fischer

et al. 2021

JABB

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“…This region's climate has a high potential for forage production. Still, high temperatures, humidity, and intense solar radiation affect the farmer's ability to maintain balanced milk production throughout the year [1], as the climate affects the productivity and longevity of dairy cows [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sombra modifica as respostas comportamentais e fisiológicas de vacas leiteiras de baixa a média produção em pastagens de sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária floresta

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A produção de leite no Brasil concentra-se principalmente na região tropical, com características climáticas de altas temperaturas, umidade do ar elevada e ventos fortes, que são características que afetam o conforto e bem estar de vacas em lactação em sistemas de pastagens. Nestas condições o fornecimento de sombra é essencial para mitigar os efeitos do excesso de calor recebido através da radiação solar direta, principalmente nas horas mais quentes do dia. Os sistemas de Integração Lavoura Pecuária Floresta (ILPF) beneficiam tanto os animais em condições de bem estar, quanto o desenvolvimento da gramínea forrageira, mitigação de emissão de gases de efeito estufa, além de produzir produtos madeireiros e não madeireiros, visando o benefício econômico do produtor. Vacas em lactação expostas à estresse por calor em ambientes de pastagens mudam seus comportamentos na tentativa de manter o equilíbrio homeostático de troca de calor interno com o ambiente. Tempos destinados à ruminação, ócio e atividades, assim como a produção de leite, são afetados de acordo com o ambiente em que o animal se encontra. As características morfológicas de cor de pelame, pele, espessura do pelo podem auxiliar na redução da carga térmica incidente em condições de incidência direta de radiação solar e altas temperaturas para vacas leiteiras em sistemas de produção a pasto. Características fisiológicas, como temperatura corporal, temperatura retal e escore de ofegação, podem ser prejudicadas em ambientes de maior desafio para os animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas comportamentais e fisiológicas de vacas Gir e Girolando em sistemas de Integração Lavoura Pecuária Floresta (ILPF) e a pleno sol.Palavras-chaves: Estresse por calor. Comportamento animal. Características morfológicas.

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Spatial dynamics of the Girolando breed in Brazil: analysis of genetic integration and environmental factors

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

Elevated temperature-humidity index induces physiological, blood and milk alterations in Holstein cows in a more pronounced manner than in 1/2 and 3/4 Holstein × Gir

Sombra modifica as respostas comportamentais e fisiológicas de vacas leiteiras de baixa a média produção em pastagens de sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária floresta

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