Abstract:Wetland birds are undergoing severe population declines in North America, with habitat degradation and wetland loss considered two of the primary causes. Due to the cryptic nature of many wetland bird species, the ecological conditions (e.g., matrix composition) that influence bird occupancy, and the relevant spatial scales at which to measure bird responses, remain unclear but may affect inference about wetland use and suitability. We conducted wetland bird surveys at 477 points across northeastern Illinois a… Show more
“…The Plain of Martil has been undergoing high urbanization, tourism, demographic and socio-economic growth. These anthro35pogenic activities have modified the general landscape as well as the structure and dynamics of the wetlands (1,4,6,9,12,30,31,34,35) Wetland environments of Oued Martil and Oued El Maleh are located in urban areas of Tetouan and Martil. They are close to habitations and roads.…”
Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Urbanization in cities changes the environment and affects habitats and biodiversity. It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Avifauna and especially migratory birds depend on water and habitats in wetland environments because they spend their entire or an important part of their life cycles in wetlands.…”
The wetland environments of the plain of Martil are located in an urban area in the Tetouan region (Northern Morocco); they provide wildlife a place to live and are important for migratory birds as they travel from nesting to wintering sites. The objective of this study is to monitor the avifauna population that frequents these ecosystems. The study duration is from January 2021 to June 2022. The survey methods are the point count and visual identification, using appropriate visual equipment and according to an ornithological guide. The avifauna recorded encompasses a total of 93 bird species and 33 families. A variety of wintering, migratory, and breeding species were identified. The population includes several species of special conservation concern, such as endemic species, heritage species, species in decline, vulnerable species, endangered species and species at risk of extinction, in Morocco, in the Maghreb or in Europe. These ornithological findings underscore the significance of preserving and restoring these urban wetland environments. However, these ecosystems face a range of pressures, including urban development, climate change and anthropogenic activities.
“…The Plain of Martil has been undergoing high urbanization, tourism, demographic and socio-economic growth. These anthro35pogenic activities have modified the general landscape as well as the structure and dynamics of the wetlands (1,4,6,9,12,30,31,34,35) Wetland environments of Oued Martil and Oued El Maleh are located in urban areas of Tetouan and Martil. They are close to habitations and roads.…”
Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Urbanization in cities changes the environment and affects habitats and biodiversity. It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Avifauna and especially migratory birds depend on water and habitats in wetland environments because they spend their entire or an important part of their life cycles in wetlands.…”
The wetland environments of the plain of Martil are located in an urban area in the Tetouan region (Northern Morocco); they provide wildlife a place to live and are important for migratory birds as they travel from nesting to wintering sites. The objective of this study is to monitor the avifauna population that frequents these ecosystems. The study duration is from January 2021 to June 2022. The survey methods are the point count and visual identification, using appropriate visual equipment and according to an ornithological guide. The avifauna recorded encompasses a total of 93 bird species and 33 families. A variety of wintering, migratory, and breeding species were identified. The population includes several species of special conservation concern, such as endemic species, heritage species, species in decline, vulnerable species, endangered species and species at risk of extinction, in Morocco, in the Maghreb or in Europe. These ornithological findings underscore the significance of preserving and restoring these urban wetland environments. However, these ecosystems face a range of pressures, including urban development, climate change and anthropogenic activities.
“…We fit an occupancy model to each species with several independent variables hypothesized to influence these species' occurrence as well as an interaction between the variables and their natural logarithms (i.e., the Box‐Tidwell test). The independent variables included distance to nearest road, distance to nearest body of water, proportion forest cover, and proportion wetland cover, as these have potential to impact passerine occurrence in our study area (Ascensão et al., 2022 ; Brown et al., 2014 ; Rahlin et al., 2022 ). We also fit a detection sub‐model with time of day as an independent variable to control for heterogeneity in detection probability due to temporally variant singing behavior.…”
Section: Case Study 2: Modeling Passerine Occupancymentioning
Generalized linear models (GLMs) are an integral tool in ecology. Like general linear models, GLMs assume linearity, which entails a linear relationship between independent and dependent variables. However, because this assumption acts on the link rather than the natural scale in GLMs, it is more easily overlooked. We reviewed recent ecological literature to quantify the use of linearity. We then used two case studies to confront the linearity assumption via two GLMs fit to empirical data. In the first case study we compared GLMs to generalized additive models (GAMs) fit to mammal relative abundance data. In the second case study we tested for linearity in occupancy models using passerine point‐count data. We reviewed 162 studies published in the last 5 years in five leading ecology journals and found less than 15% reported testing for linearity. These studies used transformations and GAMs more often than they reported a linearity test. In the first case study, GAMs strongly out‐performed GLMs as measured by AIC in modeling relative abundance, and GAMs helped uncover nonlinear responses of carnivore species to landscape development. In the second case study, 14% of species‐specific models failed a formal statistical test for linearity. We also found that differences between linear and nonlinear (i.e., those with a transformed independent variable) model predictions were similar for some species but not for others, with implications for inference and conservation decision‐making. Our review suggests that reporting tests for linearity are rare in recent studies employing GLMs. Our case studies show how formally comparing models that allow for nonlinear relationships between the dependent and independent variables has the potential to impact inference, generate new hypotheses, and alter conservation implications. We conclude by suggesting that ecological studies report tests for linearity and use formal methods to address linearity assumption violations in GLMs.
Wetland birds are undergoing severe population declines in North America, with habitat degradation and wetland loss considered two of the primary causes. Due to the cryptic nature of many wetland bird species, the ecological conditions (e.g., matrix composition) that influence bird occupancy, and the relevant spatial scales at which to measure bird responses, remain unclear but may affect inference about wetland use and suitability. We conducted wetland bird surveys at 477 points across northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana within the highly urbanized landscape surrounding Chicago. Using remotely sensed land cover data, we built occupancy models for 10 wetland bird species (American Coot Fulica americana, Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Blue-winged Teal Anas discors, Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata, Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis, Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris, Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps,
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