Spatial distribution of fungal and bacterial biomass in southern Ohio hardwood forest soils: scale dependency and landscape patterns

Morris, Sherri J.; Boerner, Ralph E. J.

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00002-4

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a podzol profile, apart from being situated at different depths, each soil horizon has distinct chemical and physical properties. Several factors could influence fungal species distribution along a vertical soil profile (27), as species differ in sensitivity to environmental factors such as O 2 and CO 2 (5), pH (10,27), soluble Al 3ϩ (26), soil moisture and organic matter content (1), or predation (28). This study was not set up to determine factors influencing fungal species distribution along a vertical gradient, yet the results indicate that the detected species are not equally distributed over four podzol horizons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium in Soil Horizons

Landeweert

Leeflang

Kuyper

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

209

134

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Molecular identification techniques based on total DNA extraction provide a unique tool for identification of mycelium in soil. Using molecular identification techniques, the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal community under coniferous vegetation was analyzed. Soil samples were taken at different depths from four horizons of a podzol profile. A basidiomycete-specific primer pair (ITS1F-ITS4B) was used to amplify fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from total DNA extracts of the soil horizons. Amplified basidiomycete DNA was cloned and sequenced, and a selection of the obtained clones was analyzed phylogenetically. Based on sequence similarity, the fungal clone sequences were sorted into 25 different fungal groups, or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Out of 25 basidiomycete OTUs, 7 OTUs showed high nucleotide homology (>99%) with known EM fungal sequences and 16 were found exclusively in the mineral soil. The taxonomic positions of six OTUs remained unclear. OTU sequences were compared to sequences from morphotyped EM root tips collected from the same sites. Of the 25 OTUs, 10 OTUs had >98% sequence similarity with these EM root tip sequences. The present study demonstrates the use of molecular techniques to identify EM hyphae in various soil types. This approach differs from the conventional method of EM root tip identification and provides a novel approach to examine EM fungal communities in soil.Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are major components of the soil fungal community in most boreal and temperate forests and several (sub)tropical forests. The EM fungi efficiently take up water and organic as well as inorganic nutrients from the soil and translocate these to colonized tree roots, receiving host carbohydrates in return. The extraradical mycelium is the part of the EM association actively involved in uptake of nutrients and water. Species-specific variations in EM extraradical mycelial structure and activity enable single EM fungal species to exploit specific resources (30). The concept of ecological specialization among EM fungi is now generally accepted (14) and underlines the proposed importance of EM fungal species diversity in soil ecosystems (2,7,21). To gain more insights into the functional roles of different EM fungal species and understand their functional diversity, it is essential to obtain information about ecologically relevant features of the symbiosis, in particular the spatial distribution of EM extraradical mycelium.Until the advent of molecular techniques, it had been impossible to acquire data on the mycelial distribution of individual fungal species in soil. Most EM diversity studies are currently based on EM root tip inventories. Morphotype techniques combined with molecular techniques enable identification of EM fungi on root tips extracted from soil and provide information on EM fungal species diversity on a fraction of the tree root system. When using molecular techniques for identification of fungal material on roots, the distribution of extraradical mycelium in the bulk s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium in Soil Horizons

Landeweert

Leeflang

Kuyper

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

209

134

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“…Results from our study sites show a wider range in F:B ratio than previously reported for forested sites. Morris and Boerner (1999) reported that F:B ratios varied depending on spatial scale in eastern USA hardwood forests. They found that F:B ratios were relatively constant within watersheds and individual forest stands, but differed considerably between geographically isolated sites.…”

Section: Fungal and Bacterial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil carbon sequestration and changes in fungal and bacterial biomass following incorporation of forest residues

Busse

Sanchez

Ratcliff

et al. 2009

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tSequestering carbon (C) in forest soils can benefit site fertility and help offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, identifying soil conditions and forest management practices which best promote C accumulation remains a challenging task. We tested whether soil incorporation of masticated woody residues alters short-term C storage at forested sites in western and southeastern USA. Our hypothesis was that woody residues would preferentially stimulate soil fungal biomass, resulting in improved C use efficiency and greater soil C storage. Harvest slash at loblolly pine sites in South Carolina was masticated (chipped) and either (1) retained on the soil surface, (2) tilled to a soil depth of 40 cm, or (3) tilled using at least twice the mass of organics. At comparative sites in California, live woody fuels in ponderosa pine stands were (1) masticated and surface applied, (2) masticated and tilled, or (3) left untreated. Sites with clayey and sandy soils were compared in each region, with residue additions ranging from 20 to 207 Mg ha À1 . Total and active fungal biomass were not strongly affected by residue incorporation despite the high input of organics. Limited response was also found for total and active bacterial biomass. As a consequence, fungal:bacterial (F:B) biomass ratios were similar among treatments at each site. Total soil C was elevated at one California site following residue incorporation, yet was significantly lower compared to surface-applied residues at both loblolly pine sites, presumably due to the oxidative effects of tilling on soil organic matter. The findings demonstrated an inconsequential effect of residue incorporation on fungal and bacterial biomass and suggest a limited potential of such practices to enhance long-term soil C storage in these forests.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…Total fungal biomass can vary seasonally due to varying substrate availability, soil temperature and soil moisture of the system [Myers et al, 2001]. Fungal biomass can also vary spatially on a local scale based on topography and disturbances such as tree fall [Morris and Boerner, 1999].…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

Varner

White

Mosedale

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Field enclosure measurements of a temperate forest soil show net uptake of ambient methyl bromide (CH 3 Br), an important trace gas in both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone cycling. The net flux for 1999 was estimated to be À168 ± 72 mg CH 3 Br m À2 (negative indicates loss from the atmosphere). Individual enclosure flux measurements ranged from À4.0 to +3.3 mg CH 3 Br m À2 d À1 . Soil consumption of CH 3 Br was estimated from laboratory soil incubations. Production of CH 3 Br was calculated as the difference between net flux and predicted consumption. Fungi could be responsible for the production of CH 3 Br in this temperate forest soil.

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Spatial distribution of fungal and bacterial biomass in southern Ohio hardwood forest soils: scale dependency and landscape patterns

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium in Soil Horizons

Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium in Soil Horizons

Soil carbon sequestration and changes in fungal and bacterial biomass following incorporation of forest residues

Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

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