Spatial distribution and temporal trends of farmland soil PBDEs: processes and crop rotation effects

Jiao, X.C.; Tang, Qifeng; Chen, Shu; Deng, Yajia; Cao, Hongrui; Wang, Guang; Yang, Yongliang

doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6442-6

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The transfer of PBDEs to these locations has strong implications regarding human exposure via soil ingestion and the contamination of private land. Emission of BFRs to agricultural and residential soils has been repeatedly observed in e-waste recycling regions of China. ,,− Although soil concentrations have not been assessed near formal e-waste facilities outside China, elevated atmospheric BFR concentrations have been observed at formal plants in Finland, U.S., Sweden and a large automotive shredding and metal recycling plant in the City of Brisbane, Australia . Processing of electronic waste was found to cause greater atmospheric emission of BFRs than landfill or incineration in Norwegian waste facilities, which supports the hypothesis that e-waste facilities are responsible for greater levels of contamination in Melbourne than other previously identified point-sources. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spatial Distribution of Novel and Legacy Brominated Flame Retardants in Soils Surrounding Two Australian Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities

McGrath

Morrison

Ball

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Informal recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) has been shown to cause significant brominated flame retardant (BFR) contamination of surrounding soils in a number of Asian and West African countries. However, to the authors' knowledge, there have been no published studies demonstrating polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and novel brominated flame retardant (NBFR) soil contamination from regulated "formal" e-waste processing facilities in developed countries. This study reports on PBDEs (-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, and -209) and NBFRs (PBT, PBEB, HBB, EH-TBB, BTBPE and DBDPE) in 36 soil samples surrounding two Australian e-waste recycling plants and a further eight reference soils. Overall ∑PBDE concentrations ranged 0.10-98 000 ng/g dw (median; 92 ng/g dw) and ∑NBFRs ranged ND-37 000 ng/g dw (median 2.0 ng/g dw). Concentrations in soils were found to be significantly negatively associated with distance from one of the e-waste facilities for ∑penta-BDEs, BDE-183, BDE-209, and ∑NBFR compound groups. ANOVA tests further illustrated the potential for e-waste recycling to significantly elevate concentrations of some BFRs in soils over distances up to 900 m compared to references sites. This study provides the first evidence of soil contamination with PBDEs and NBFRs originating from formal e-waste recycling facilities in Australia, which may have implications for e-waste recycling practices throughout the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spatial Distribution of Novel and Legacy Brominated Flame Retardants in Soils Surrounding Two Australian Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities

McGrath

Morrison

Ball

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It is striking that no PBDEs were detected in any of the farms, because they are described in the literature as frequent contaminants of agricultural soil [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]; however, it is true that the reported concentrations are mainly related to the use of treated wastewater [ 57 ], or to highly industrialized countries [ 58 ]. Previous studies have shown that the rate of flame retardant contamination in the Canary Islands is relatively low [ 17 , 18 , 38 ], which has been related to the relatively low industrial activity in this region [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Method Scope Extension for the Analysis of POPs in Soil and Verification in Organic and Conventional Farms of the Canary Islands

Acosta-Dacal

Rial-Berriel

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most relevant and dangerous contaminants in soil, from where they can be transferred to crops. Additionally, livestock animals may inadvertently consume relatively high amounts of soil attached to the roots of the vegetables while grazing, leading to indirect exposure to humans. Therefore, periodic monitoring of soils is crucial; thus, simple, robust, and powerful methods are needed. In this study, we have tested and validated an easy QuEChERS-based method for the extraction of 49 POPs (8 PBDEs, 12 OCPs, 11 PAHs, and 18 PCBs) in soils and their analysis by GC-MS/MS. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy, and a matrix effect study was performed. The limits of detection (LOD) were established between 0.048 and 3.125 ng g−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.5 and 20 ng g−1, except for naphthalene (50 ng g−1). Then, to verify the applicability of the validated method, we applied it to a series of 81 soil samples from farms dedicated to mixed vegetable cultivation and vineyards in the Canary Islands, both from two modes of production (organic vs. conventional) where residues of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs were found.

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A Comparison of Concentrations and Congener Patterns of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Seasonally Sampled Outdoor Air from a Farmland Area in Guangzhou, South China

Jiao

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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To investigate the concentration and congener patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in outdoor air from farmland area, air samples were collected using passive and active sample methods from April to November 2012, in an e-waste dismantling town in the Guangzhou region of South China. The sum of gaseous and particulate PBDE concentrations averaged 74.26 pg/m and ranged between 3.24 and 247.30 pg/m, while the mean gaseous and particulate PBDEs were 19.20 and 55.07 pg/m, respectively. The PBDE level was comparable to those in urban air of non-electric waste areas, but much lower than those in both indoor and outdoor air of e-waste dismantling workshop area. Dominant congeners were BDE-47 and BDE-28 for the gaseous phase and BDE-209 and BDE-99 for the particulate phase. Relationship analysis showed that soil PBDEs were more significantly correlated with passive samples than with active samples, indicating that passive sample pattern could capture the accumulative effect of the sampling period and better represent the extent of soil contamination.

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Spatial distribution and temporal trends of farmland soil PBDEs: processes and crop rotation effects

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Spatial Distribution of Novel and Legacy Brominated Flame Retardants in Soils Surrounding Two Australian Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities

Spatial Distribution of Novel and Legacy Brominated Flame Retardants in Soils Surrounding Two Australian Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities

Validation of a Method Scope Extension for the Analysis of POPs in Soil and Verification in Organic and Conventional Farms of the Canary Islands

A Comparison of Concentrations and Congener Patterns of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Seasonally Sampled Outdoor Air from a Farmland Area in Guangzhou, South China

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