2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100604
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Spatial distribution and probabilistic health risk assessment of fluoride in groundwater of Angul district, Odisha, India

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Cited by 17 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Groundwater is one of potential source of clean water for consumption of human beings in the world. However, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater can be affected by numerous anthropogenic activities such as domestic/urbanization, industry, and agriculture, so groundwater can be polluted and cannot be used for drinking and other purposes [1,2]. The decrease in the quality of groundwater occurred in the Upper Citarum River Watershed area in Bandung District.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Groundwater is one of potential source of clean water for consumption of human beings in the world. However, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater can be affected by numerous anthropogenic activities such as domestic/urbanization, industry, and agriculture, so groundwater can be polluted and cannot be used for drinking and other purposes [1,2]. The decrease in the quality of groundwater occurred in the Upper Citarum River Watershed area in Bandung District.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Equation (1) can be used to calculate the chronic daily intake of these contaminants per unit weight [mg/(kg day)] via the oral route, where C represents the level of these pollutants in groundwater (mg/L), IR is the water intake rate (1.5 L/day for adults and 0.7 L/day for children). Since groundwater is the primary source of human consumption in the current study area, the assigned exposure frequency (EF) has been set to 365 days per year (Naik et al., 2021a; Su et al., 2018; Wu & Sun, 2016; Zhang et al., 2018). The average body weight (BW) is 15 kg for children and 60 kg for adults.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The model has four steps: hazard identification, exposure evaluation, dose-response evaluation, and risk characterization (Ganyaglo et al 2019). Non-carcinogenic health risk from Fand NO 3 -, classified as the main pollutants International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), was calculated based on lifetime average daily dose (mg/kg/day) of pollutants (Zhang et al 2018;Naik et al 2021b;Joardar et al 2021) as shown in Eq. 13.…”
Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The health risk assessment examines the exposure levels of humans to environmental contaminats, and evaluates their health risks (Naik et al 2021b;Bhattacharya et al 2020). The human health risk of NO 3 -, and Fhas been assessed in this study as per USEPA (Ji et al 2020;Naik et al 2022) considering oral route alone, as health risk through dermal exposure remains very low (Naik et al 2021b;Mohanta et al 2020). The model has four steps: hazard identification, exposure evaluation, dose-response evaluation, and risk characterization (Ganyaglo et al 2019).…”
Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
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