Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the northwestern hemisphere

Andersson, Östen; Linder, Carl-Eric; Olsson, Mats; Reutergårdh, Lars; Uvemo, Ulla-Britt; Wideqvist, Ulla

doi:10.1007/bf01061981

Cited by 115 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Comparisons of dieldrin, DDT-group and PCB levels in ringed seals from the Arctic (Canadian and Norwegian) vs. other phocids in northern temperate latitudes revealed consistently less contamination in the Arctic ringed seals (Holden 1972). In contrast, levels of toxaphene (polychlorinated camphenes, PCCs) in ringed seals from Svalbard were found to be similar to those of seals from the Baltic and Caspian seas (Andersson et al 1988).…”

Section: Organochlorine Body Burdensmentioning

confidence: 74%

Distribution, abundance and biology of ringed seals (<i>Phoca hispida</i>): an overview

Reeves

1998

NAMMCOSP

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The ringed seal (Phoca hispida) has a circumpolar Arctic distribution. Because of its great importance to northern communities and its role as the primary food of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) the ringed seal has been studied extensively in Canada, Alaska, Russia, Svalbard and Greenland as well as in the Baltic Sea and Karelian lakes. No clear-cut boundaries are known to separate ringed seal stocks in marine waters. Adult seals are thought to be relatively sedentary, but sub-adults sometimes disperse over long distances. Stable ice with good snow cover is considered the most productive habitat although production in pack ice has been little studied. Populations appear to be structured so that immature animals and young adults are consigned to sub-optimal habitat during the spring pupping and breeding season. Annual production in ringed seal populations, defined as the pup percentage in the total population after the late winter pupping season, is probably in the order of 18-24%. Most ~stimates of maximum sustainable yield are in the order of 7%.The world population of ringed seals is at least a few million. Methods of abundance estimation have included aerial surveys, dog searches and remote sensing of lairs and breathing holes, acoustic monitoring, correlation analysis by reference to sizes of polar bear populations, and inference from estimated energy requirements of bear populations. Aerial strip survey has been the method of choice for estimating seal densities over large areas. Adjustment factors to account for seals not hauled out at the time of the survey, for seals that dove ahead of the aircraft, and for seals on the ice within the surveyed strip but not detected by the observers, are required for estimates of absolute abundance.Male and female ringed seals are sexually mature by 5-7 years of age (earlier at Svalbard). Pupping usually occurs in March or early April and is followed by 5-7 weeks of lactation. Breeding takes place in mid to late May, and implantation is delayed for about 3 months. In at least some parts of their range, ringed seals feed mainly on schooling gadids from late autumn through early spring and on benthic crustaceans and polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from late spring through summer. Little feeding is done during the moult, which takes place in late spring and early summer. Pelagic crustaceans offshore and mysids inshore become important prey in late summer and early autumn in some areas. Ringed seals have several natural predators, the most important of which is the polar bear in most arctic regions. Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) kill a large percentage of pups in some areas.From a conservation perspective, the ringed seal appears to be secure. Levels of exploitation of arctic populations have usually been considered sustainable, except in the Okhotsk Sea. Large fluctuations in production of ringed seals in the Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf are thought to be driven by natural variability in environmental conditions. While concern has been expressed about the potential imp...

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Section: Organochlorine Body Burdensmentioning

confidence: 74%

Distribution, abundance and biology of ringed seals (<i>Phoca hispida</i>): an overview

Reeves

1998

NAMMCOSP

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“…Potential endocrinemediated adverse effects have been observed in a number of species in the Baltic Sea. Examples include an increased prevalence of female salmon producing offspring with a low survival rate (Johansson and Ahlborg 1994 ) ; lowered reproductive capacity and eggshell thinning in white-tailed sea eagles (Stjernberg et al 1990 ;Helander et al 1998 ;Odsjö et al 1997 ) , razor bill (Andersson et al 1988 ) , and guillemot (Bignert et al 1995 ) , and immune and reproductive impairment in marine mammals (Simms and Ross 2001 ) .…”

Section: Ecotoxicological Effects Of Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Organic Pollutants as Endocrine Disruptors: Organometallics, PAHs, Organochlorine, Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides, Phthalates, Dioxins, Phytoestrogens, Alkyl Phenols and Bisphenol A

Nair

Sujatha

2011

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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“…Comparison of the data for adult and juvenile seals revealed, in addition, to agerelated variation in contamination, i.e., toxaphene levels in adult Baltic ringed seals were significantly higher than those in adult grey seals from the same region and 5 to 10 times than those in juvenile ringed seals from the same region. Andersson et al (148) reported no geographic differences in concentrations of toxaphene from animals in the Arctic region with those in corresponding species in the Baltic.…”

Section: Enantiomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Occurrence, Analysis, and Toxicology of Toxaphene Compounds

Geus¹,

Besselink²,

Brouwer³

et al. 1999

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the northwestern hemisphere

Cited by 115 publications

References 17 publications

Distribution, abundance and biology of ringed seals (<i>Phoca hispida</i>): an overview

Distribution, abundance and biology of ringed seals (<i>Phoca hispida</i>): an overview

Organic Pollutants as Endocrine Disruptors: Organometallics, PAHs, Organochlorine, Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides, Phthalates, Dioxins, Phytoestrogens, Alkyl Phenols and Bisphenol A

Environmental Occurrence, Analysis, and Toxicology of Toxaphene Compounds

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