Organic Pollutants as Endocrine Disruptors: Organometallics, PAHs, Organochlorine, Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides, Phthalates, Dioxins, Phytoestrogens, Alkyl Phenols and Bisphenol A

Nair, Praseetha R.; Sujatha, C. H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2442-6_8

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…PAHs also interfere with normal DNA repair processes by forming persistent DNA adducts [34–36]. Among other organic compounds found in PM 2.5 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (dioxin), dibenzofurans (PCDF), and biphenyls (PCB) have also been shown to interfere with normal endocrine function [9, 11]. Finally, some of the heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and mercury that are found in fine particulate matter also have endocrine-disrupting properties [12, 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMammographic breast density is a well-established strong risk factor for breast cancer. The environmental contributors to geographic variation in breast density in urban and rural areas are poorly understood. We examined the association between breast density and exposure to ambient air pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)) in a large population-based screening registry.MethodsParticipants included women undergoing mammography screening at imaging facilities within the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (2001–2009). We included women aged ≥40 years with known residential zip codes before the index mammogram (n = 279,967). Breast density was assessed using the American College of Radiology’s Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) four-category breast density classification. PM2.5 and O3 estimates for grids across the USA (2001–2008) were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM). For the majority of women (94%), these estimates were available for the year preceding the mammogram date. Association between exposure to air pollutants and density was estimated using polytomous logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWomen with extremely dense breasts had higher mean PM2.5 and lower O3 exposures than women with fatty breasts (8.97 vs. 8.66 ug/m3 and 33.70 vs. 35.82 parts per billion (ppb), respectively). In regression analysis, women with heterogeneously dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were more likely to have higher exposure to PM2.5 (fourth vs. first quartile odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 − 1.23). Women with extremely dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were less likely to have higher levels of ozone exposure (fourth vs. first quartile OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.87).ConclusionExposure to PM2.5 and O3 may in part explain geographical variation in mammographic density. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal nature of these associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium

et al. 2017

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“…A wide range of substances, both natural and man-made, are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals, dioxin, and dioxin-like compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane and other pesticides, plasticizers such as bisphenol A, alkylphenol derivatives and some metals like cadmium and organotin antifouling compound tributyltin (TBT) (Anupama Nair and Sujatha, 2011;Jobling et al, 1995;Matthiessen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine disruptor effect of the herbicides atrazine and glyphosate on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Omran

Salama

2013

Toxicol Ind Health

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Atrazine (AZ) and glyphosate (GL) are herbicides that are widely applied to cereal crops in Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the response of the snailBiomphalaria alexandrina(Mollusca: Gastropoda) as a bioindicator for endocrine disrupters in terms of steroid levels (testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E)), alteration of microsomal CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity, total protein (TP) level, and gonadal structure after exposure to sublethal concentrations of AZ or GL for 3 weeks. In order to study the ability of the snails' recuperation, the exposed snails were subjected to a recovery period for 2 weeks. The results showed that the level of T, E, and TP contents were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in both AZ- and GL-exposed groups compared with control (unexposed) group. The level of microsomal CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in GL- and AZ-exposed snails and reach nearly a 50% increase in AZ-exposed group. Histological investigation of the ovotestis showed that AZ and GL caused degenerative changes including azoospermia and oocytes deformation. Interestingly, all the recovered groups did not return back to their normal state. It can be concluded that both herbicides are endocrine disrupters and cause cellular toxicity indicated by the decrease of protein content and the increase in CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity. This toxicity is irreversible and the snail is not able to recover its normal state. The fluctuation of CYP4501B1 suggests that this vertebrate-like enzyme may be functional also in the snail and may be used as a biomarker for insecticide toxicity.

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“…However, for non-targeted organisms, carbamates are toxic due to their deliberate discharge into the soil and subsequently into water bodies, leading to ill effects on the environment and human health worldwide [ 155 ]. These are also among the list of endocrine disruptors as of Bisphenol A [ 156 ], and thus become an important analyte for intensive monitoring. A novel enzyme-based biosensor has been developed by Oliveira et al for the estimation of carbamate pesticide applied on tomato and potato crops using direct immobilization of Prussian blue functionalized Lac on graphene-modified carbon paste electrodes [ 157 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Lac-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also a natural steroid that regulates the female reproductive system by contributing to estrogen [ 185 ]. Studies reveal that the release of 17β-estradiol and estriol hormones is around 280–600 μg/day and 6000–10,000 μg/day for pregnant women [ 156 ]. The presence of pollutants in food such as meat and milk lead to severe diseases related to fertility and tumor issues in females [ 186 , 187 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Lac-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Prospects of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials-Based Laccase Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Phenolic Compounds

et al. 2023

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Phenolic compounds (PhCs) are ubiquitously distributed phytochemicals found in many plants, body fluids, food items, medicines, pesticides, dyes, etc. Many PhCs are priority pollutants that are highly toxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic. Some of these are present in body fluids and affect metabolism, while others possess numerous bioactive properties such as retaining antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in plants and food products. Therefore, there is an urgency for developing an effective, rapid, sensitive, and reliable tool for the analysis of these PhCs to address their environmental and health concern. In this context, carbonaceous nanomaterials have emerged as a promising material for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors as they provide remarkable characteristics such as lightweight, high surface: volume, excellent conductivity, extraordinary tensile strength, and biocompatibility. This review outlines the current status of the applications of carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene, etc.) based enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for the detection of PhCs. Efforts have also been made to discuss the mechanism of action of the laccase enzyme for the detection of PhCs. The limitations, advanced emerging carbon-based material, current state of artificial intelligence in PhCs detection, and future scopes have also been summarized.

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Organic Pollutants as Endocrine Disruptors: Organometallics, PAHs, Organochlorine, Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides, Phthalates, Dioxins, Phytoestrogens, Alkyl Phenols and Bisphenol A

Cited by 14 publications

References 202 publications

Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium

Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium

The endocrine disruptor effect of the herbicides atrazine and glyphosate on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Recent Prospects of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials-Based Laccase Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Phenolic Compounds

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