Spatial characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in equids from the Brejo Paraibano micro-region in Brazil

Filho, Ruy Brayner Oliveira; Malta, Karla Campos; Santana, Vania Lucia Assis; Harrop, Mabel Hanna Vance; Stipp, Danilo Tancler; Brandespim, Daniel Friguglietti; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

doi:10.4081/gh.2014.35

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to FINGER et al (2014), the most prevalent serogroup in the region of Curitiba (southern Brazil) was Icterohaemorrhagiae. OLIVEIRA FILHO et al (2014) observed a higher prevalence of the serogroup Panama in the Paraíba region (Northeast Brazil) when they evaluated horses used in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

Farias

Dick

Bunn³

et al. 2020

Cienc. Rural

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira spp. The consequences of infection in horses are unclear, and the serogroups involved vary depending on the region. This study aimed to evaluate the seropositivity of unvaccinated horses in the Serra Catarinense region and the possible risk factors associated with the infection. We used 207 horses from 26 properties, with no clinical history of infection and unvaccinated for leptospirosis. We submitted serum samples to the microscopic agglutination serum (SAM) to obtain the main reference serogroups. We considered animals with titre ≥100 as infected. The results of the serology revealed seropositivity in 45.4% (94/207) of the animals studied. The most frequent antibodies reportedwere those against the serogroups Australis 16.9% (35/207), Ichterhaemorrhagiae 14.4% (30/207), and Grippotyphosa 5.31% (11/207). Among the primary risk factors associated with the infection we reported extensive rearing system (OR = 1.27; P<0.05) and the presence of other animal species such as cattle (OR = 3.85; P<0.01) and capybaras (OR = 2.07; P=0.06). The findings presented in this study showed that leptospirosis is endemic in horses in the Serra Catarinense region, and revealed the need for emergency surveillance and control measures specific to this important zoonosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Other studies conducted in Brazil have shown substantial differences in the prevalence of serovars according to the geographic region (FINGER et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA FILHO et al, 2014;ALVES et al, 2016). According to FINGER et al (2014), the most prevalent serogroup in the region of Curitiba (southern Brazil) was Icterohaemorrhagiae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

Farias

Dick

Bunn³

et al. 2020

Cienc. Rural

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“…High levels of agglutination antibodies against this serovar are common, approximately 52% of the horses tested in North America present antibodies against L. interrogans serovar Bratislava, 18,20,51 and the same serovar has been shown to be among the serum-prevalent groups in many countries in Europe 7,17,21,52,53 and around the world. 16,49,[54][55][56][57] However, in almost all of these studies, crossreactivity was reported, which makes it difficult to determine the infecting serovar, once more challenging the concept that MAT can identify the infecting serovar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses

Zilch

Lee

Saleem

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background Little information is available about experimental inoculation of leptospirosis in horses and the pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in this host. Objectives To determine the serological, clinical, pathological and haematological responses of horses to L. interrogans serovar Bratislava strain PigK151. Study design Randomised controlled in vivo experiment. Methods Ten seronegative female foals were divided into 2 groups, control (n = 4) and challenged (n = 6). The challenged group received 1 × 109 leptospires divided equally between topical ocular and intraperitoneal injections. Blood and urine samples were analysed. The temperature was recorded daily for the first 9 days, then weekly. Sera were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Automated complete blood count, differential and chemistry panel were performed. Histopathological analysis was performed on sections of liver, kidney, urinary bladder, uterine body and pineal gland. Sample culturing was performed from blood, urine, liver, kidney, reproductive tract and vitreous humour. Results No pyrexia was noted. PCR and culture were negative from all samples. Differences between groups were found in CBC, differential counts and serum biochemistry panel (or profile), suggesting that leptospiral challenge triggered an inflammatory response. No evidence of leptospirosis was found from histopathological analysis. All challenged foals developed a humoral response. The MAT allowed the confirmation of the infecting serovar at a later stage, but it also revealed cross‐reactive results that were further explained by genomic analysis. Main limitations This experimental challenge had two main limitations: (a) the results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used and (b) the use of another route of infection and a higher bacterial dose might have achieved colonisation. Conclusions Based on these findings, it may suggest that L. interrogans serovar Bratislava is neither pathogenic nor host‐adapted serovar for horses, although these results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used instead.

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“…Briefly, five 2-fold dilutions of serum samples from 1:25 to 1:4000 were used. Samples were tested for 16 serovars: Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis (Australis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Autumnalis (Autumnalis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Sejroe (Sejroe), Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola (Canicola), Leptospira interrogans serovar Ballum (Ballum), Leptospira interrogans serovar Celledoni (Celledoni), Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (Copenhageni), Leptospira borgpetersenii Javanica (Javanica), Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa (Grippotyphosa), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo (Hardjo), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hebdomadis (Hebdomadis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (Icterohaemorrhagiae), Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (Pomona), Leptospira interrogans serovar Pyrogenes (Pyrogenes), Leptospira interrogans serovar Tarassovi (Tarassovi) and Leptospira interrogans serovar Wolffi (Wolffi) (Adler, 2014; Filho et al, 2014; Alves et al, 2016; Dreyfus et al, 2018). The antigens were stored at 28°C from 5 to 10 days in EMJH (Ellinghausen and MCcullough, 1965) culture (Difco ® -USA) that was enriched with bovine albumin fraction V (Inlab ® -Brasil) (Ellinghausen and McCullough, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health 21 due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in 22 2 tropical environments where conditions favor pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of 23 Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks 24 can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can 25 occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of Leptospirosis 26 remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings 27 public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, 28 we propose to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a 29 subtropical area of Brazil where Leptospirosis is endemic to (i) highlight environmental 30 conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (ii) reconstruct its 31 geographical distribution. An ecological niche modeling framework was used to characterize and 32 compare Leptospira serovars in both geographical and environmental space. Our results show 33 that, despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found 34 ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were 35 expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by 36 serovar, being Sejroe the most asymmetric. Most important predictors for the potential 37distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%).

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Spatial characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in equids from the Brejo Paraibano micro-region in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

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