Spatial and temporal variations of physicochemical and heavy metal pollution in Ramganga River—a tributary of River Ganges, India

Assessment of Ecological Hazard of Heavy Metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb) in Surface Sediments of The Bashar River, Yasouj, Iran

“…Also, the findings of the study on the environmental hazard index of these metals in river sediments is low, less than 150, based on the obtained (Table 12). In general, comparing the concentration of metals and assessing their related environmental indicators such as geochemical accumulation indexes, pollution factor, degree of contamination, degree of contamination, pollution burden and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals of Bashar river in summer and winter Shows that these factors are much higher than in winter at most stations in summer and the results are in agreement with the findings of Khan et al (2017) to study the pollution status of the Ganges River in the country (7). One of the most important reasons for this can be to raise the amount of water entering the river in the winter, which carries the sediment deposited in the substrate.…”

“…In the equations is ecological hazard potential index, C i , and the measured value, and the rate of the natural values (background value), alike to the factor of the toxicity of the metal, Table 6, shows the ecological and environmental risk of heavy metals in the study . The concentration range (minimum and maximum concentration) of the four heavy metals calculated in the basin sediments of the Bashar River in the part of Yasuj city in terms of mg/ kg in both dry and wet seasons (summer and winter), are accessible in Table (7). The results showed that the highest and the lowest mean concentration of metals in both seasons was related to chromium and zinc (10.35±3.04 and 48.16±11.5, respectively) in Summer and winter (10.301±2.6 and 39.88±6.63) mg/kg dry weight, the total concentration of heavy metals in Bashar river sediments were as (Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr) ( Table 7) The relationship of the concentration of metals in both dry and wet season by using independent T-test showed a significant difference in Cu between two seasons at 95% level (Fig.…”

“…Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals can be confirmed by studying water, sediment and living organisms plus a wide range of environmental indicators such as ecological risk assessment, geomagnetic storm index, pollution factor, pollution index, etc. In this regard, the ecological risk assessment index of toxic metals in aqueous environment (5) which, based on the concentration and toxicity of each metal, indicates the probable ecological hazard of all metal, as well as the environmental hazard of the total metals (4,7). Incidentally, one of the most important water drainage estates in the country, which has been affected by various environmental damages, such as the introduction of various organic and inorganic pollutants for instance heavy metals, has been affected by Bashar River in Yasouj city in recent decades.…”

Status of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer of Gujarat, India: a review

“…The influences of unstable circumstances like sea-level and land use, during the Holocene on SWI in a 2-dimensional intersect at the Dutch coastline were assumed [40]. The development of salinization in considerable coastal aquifer systems, like Zona Citricola (Mexico), Laizhou Bay (China), Fortescue Marsh (Australia), Rhone Delta (France), Buan-gun (Korea), Saturna Island (Canada), and Shean-Harod (Israel) have been probed globally by different scientists and researchers [9,13,14,41]. Numerous works in Atlantic Canada have indicated the occurrence of SWI [42].…”

“…This tool was applied in the geological setting of the eastern shore of Virginia, and SWI zone was mapped for the region [12]. The hydrogeochemical and isotopic investigations have been carried out globally to evaluate the quality of groundwater and to identify the hydrological and salinization processes in various coastal aquifer systems [13,14]. Integration of stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) along with major ionic ratios of groundwater have been employed in both the shallow and deeper aquifers to study the mechanisms of SWI [15,16].…”