Status of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer of Gujarat, India: a review

Abstract

Seawater intrusion (SWI) is a universal concern, intensified and aggravated due to over-exploitation of groundwater, sea-level rise, and climate change in the coastal province. According to the Ghyben-Herzberg principle, the stability between freshwater and saltwater is caused by the density difference between the two, until the pressure equalizes. The keystone of India's geography, economy, biodiversity, and the environment are its extended and vast coastline, which occupies the most precious as well as potential aquifer system. This review mainly fascinated on the status, knowledge, and vulnerability of SWI within the aquifers of the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Foregoing investigations reveal that the meteoric intensification in the salinity of coastal regions of Gujarat is the chief provenance of socioeconomic development and environmental degradation. Different studies are performed to analyze and mitigate the SWI problem. In this region, groundwater over-exploitation is the foremost driver of SWI. There are miscellaneous developmental and management skills and techniques to diminish the SWI in coastal regions of the world. Numerous models are fabricated and established to analyze and epitomize the complications associated with it. Numerical models suggest some valuable techniques to manage groundwater-related problems. This study also delivers some advanced management strategies such as dilution of salinewater by artificial recharge techniques, construction of physical barriers in the subsurface to reduce the intrusion etc. feasible to the coast of Gujarat.

Assessment of Salt Water Intrusion from Ponnani to Tavanur along the Banks of River Bharathapuzha in Kerala

“…The occurrence of saltwater intrusion caused by excessive groundwater exploitation is observable in coastal areas due to a drop in groundwater levels (Siddha and Sahu, 2020). Physicochemical parameters of the subsurface, such as electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, water quality, total dissolved salts (TDS), seawater mixing, etc., were investigated as part of seawater intrusion (Bear et al, 1999).…”

Detection and Delineation of Lateral and Vertical Extent to Fresh-Saline Water Boundary: Recent Development in Badagary Axis of the Dahomey Basin, Nigeria

“…Barrow and Reichard (2010) [13] reported saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America while Siddha and Sahu (2020) [14] reviewed the status of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer of Gujarat, India. [15] did a critical evaluation of Index-based groundwater vulnerability mapping models using hydrogeological settings, to mention a few.…”

A baseline study on the distribution of fluoride in drinking water and its health risk assessment in Industrial areas of Sivakasi, India

“…The environmental problems with groundwater have extensive ramifications, impacting both human well-being and economic sustainability, especially concerning domestic water consumption, farming, and the provision of drinking water( Liet al, 2021; Adimalla and Wu, 2019; Adimalla,2020; Adimallaet al,2018; Ramya and Elango,2018, Thapa et al,2017;Zhang et al,2018). The over-exploitation of groundwater causes it to decline to lower water levels, resulting in seawater intrusions in coastal regions (Siddha, 2020). The superiority of the groundwater in these regions is extremely subject to question; researchers have done many studies to estimate the appropriateness of the groundwater in dry, semi-arid, and coastal regions (Adimalla, 2020; Adimalla, 2019; Adimalla, 2019a; Ramya and Elango, 2019).…”