Spatial and temporal variation in <i>Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</i> size in eastern Zambia

Chaka, G.; Billiouw, M.; Geysen, Dirk; Berkvens, Dirk

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00450.x

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this tick species is not considered as endemic in these areas of the Free State and it is unclear if R. appendiculatus had spread into these areas, or if it was there before without being reported. Several authors described an expansion of R. appendiculatus in southern Africa in the past decades (Chaka et al, 1999). In a study conducted in the Cape provinces and in the southwestern Free State, Horak et al (1991) reported R. appendiculatus on hares and sheep in some of the Cape provinces; however, this species was not reported in the southwestern Free State.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens From Wildlife in the Free State Province, South Africa

Tonetti

Berggoetz

Rühle

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Eight ixodid tick species, associated with 59 free-ranging mammals belonging to 10 species, were collected at five different localities in the Free State Province, South Africa. Four of the study areas were nature reserves (Willem Pretorius, Sandveld, Tussen-die-Riviere, and Soetdoring), and one site was a private farm located in Senekal district. The collection was performed from March 2006 until June 2006. Ticks (n5569) and tissues from animals (n552) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot, and sequencing for various tickborne pathogens belonging to the genera Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the known vector of Babesia bovis responsible for Asiatic redwater in South Africa, was found for the first time in the Free State Province. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus also was collected in areas in the Free State where it has not been previously described. Anaplasma marginale was detected for the first time in a gemsbok (Oryx gazella gazella). Gene sequences recovered in this study were 98-100% homologous with GenBank sequences for Anaplasma bovis, Theileria separata, and Theileria sp. Malelane sable antelope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens From Wildlife in the Free State Province, South Africa

Tonetti

Berggoetz

Rühle

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…In eastern Zambia, Berkvens et al . (1998) and Chaka et al . (1999) found a second wave of adults at the start of the dry season under similar climatic conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A trial investigating the development periods under semi‐natural conditions was used to support the simulation model. For the same reason, size measurements were undertaken to compare these with those reported by Chaka et al . (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and phenology of ixodid ticks in southern Zambia

Speybroeck

Madder

Bossche

et al. 2002

Medical Vet Entomology

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Abstract. Distribution data for epidemiologically important ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Southern Province of Zambia, one of the main cattle areas of the country, are presented. Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was not recorded in southern Zambia, whereas Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) is present throughout the area. New distribution patterns for less economically important ixodid ticks are also discussed. Southern Zambia is a transition zone because it is the most northern area in Africa where mixed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis Walker, Norval & Corwin populations were reported. Although a second generation of adult R. appendiculatus/R. zambeziensis was encountered, simulations indicated that this phenomenon is very rare in southern Zambia, mainly because of the colder temperatures during the early dry season and lower rainfall. These simulations were supported by a development trial under experimental conditions. Tick body size measurements showed that southern Zambian ticks are larger than eastern Zambian R. appendiculatus. It is hypothesized that body size is related to diapausing intensity in this species. The epidemiological consequences are that a different approach to control Theileria parva (Theiler) (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) and other tick-borne diseases is needed in southern Zambia, compared to the one adopted in eastern Zambia.

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“…Studies in the biology, ecology and behaviour of R. appendiculatus in Zambia have shown considerable geographic variation within and between populations (Berkvens et al 1995;Chaka et al 1999;Madder et al 2002;Speybroeck et al 2002Speybroeck et al , 2004. In a recent study, 12S rDNA and ITS2 sequence data of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis from Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia, showed that R. appendiculatus from the Eastern province constitutes a bootstrap-supported monophyletic group within an unresolved assemblage of R. appendiculatus specimens from the Southern province (JM in prep).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for geographic differentiation in R. appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) from Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

et al. 2007

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Studies in the biology, ecology and behaviour of R. appendiculatus in Zambia have shown considerable variation within and between populations often associated with their geographical origin. We studied variation in the mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) gene of adult R. appendiculatus ticks originating from the Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks from the two provinces were placed into two groups on the mtCOI sequence data tree. One group comprised all haplotypes of specimens from the Eastern province plateau districts of Chipata and Petauke. The second group consisted of a single haplotype of specimens from the Southern province districts and Nyimba, an Eastern province district on the fringes of the valley. This variation provides additional evidence to the earlier observations in the 12S rDNA and ITS2 data for the geographic subdivision of R. appendiculatus from Southern province and Eastern province plateau. The geographic subdivision further corresponds with differences in body size and diapause between R. appendiculatus from these geographic areas. The possible implications of these findings on the epidemiology of East Coast fever (ECF) the disease for which R. appendiculatus is one of the vectors are discussed.

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Spatial and temporal variation in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus size in eastern Zambia

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens From Wildlife in the Free State Province, South Africa

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens From Wildlife in the Free State Province, South Africa

Distribution and phenology of ixodid ticks in southern Zambia

Further evidence for geographic differentiation in R. appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) from Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

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