Spatial and temporal variability of crop yield and some Rhodic Hapludox properties under no-tillage

Abstract

SUMMARYSoil properties are closely related with crop production and spite of the measures implemented, spatial variation has been repeatedly observed and described. Identifying and describing spatial variations of soil properties and their effects on crop yield can be a powerful decision-making tool in specific land management systems. The objective of this research was to characterize the spatial and temporal variations in crop yield and chemical and physical properties of a Rhodic Hapludox soil under no-tillage. The studied area of 3.42 ha had been cultivated since 1985 under no-tillage crop rotation in summer and winter. Yield and soil property were sampled in a regular 10 x 10 m grid, with 302 sample points. Yields of several crops were analyzed (soybean, maize, triticale, hyacinth bean and castor bean) as well as soil chemical (pH, Soil Organic Matter (SOM), P, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , H + Al, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, CEC, sum of bases (SB), and base saturation (V %)) and soil physical properties (saturated hydraulic conductivity, texture, density, total porosity, and mechanical penetration resistance). Data were analyzed using geostatistical analysis procedures and maps based on interpolation by kriging. Great variation in crop yields was observed in the years evaluated. The yield values in the Northern region of the study area were high in some years. Crop yields and some physical and soil chemical properties were spatially correlated.Index terms: crop yield maps, geostatistics, kriging.(1) Part of the master dissertation of the primary author developed at the IAC Tropical and Sub-tropical Agriculture Graduate Program, Campinas (SP (pH, MOS, P, Ca, Mg, H + Al, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, CTC, SB e V %)

Propriedades de solos sob vegetação nativa em Minas Gerais: distribuição por fitofisionomia, hidrografia e variabilidade espacial

“…Contudo, nenhum desses trabalhos utilizou as técnicas geoestatísticas de semivariograma e krigagem para os mapeamentos, provavelmente devido ao grande número de amostras requerido ou outras restrições. entretanto, quando essas técnicas são utilizadas, sua viabilidade ou aplicação é usualmente voltada a áreas experimentais ou fazendas com poucos hectares, resultando em mapas de escala muito grande (guedes Filho et al, 2010;Zanão Júnior et al, 2010), aplicabilidade local e extrapolação restrita. a base de dados utilizada no presente trabalho possui a vantagem da grande amplitude de distâncias entre unidades amostrais, variando entre centenas de metros (parcelas dentro de um fragmento florestal) a centenas de quilômetros (entre fragmentos distantes).…”

“…entretanto, informações em escala regional são raras, devido à grande variabilidade e extensão das áreas envolvidas. da mesma forma, embora já exista boa quantidade de informações sobre a variabilidade espacial de indicadores de fertilidade do solo em escala local, isto é, parcelas experimentais ou fazendas (guedes Filho et al, 2010;Zanão Júnior et al, 2010), sabe-se pouco sobre a viabilidade do emprego de ferramentas geoestatísticas para o estudo de solos em escala regional no brasil e em minas gerais. o inventário Florestal de minas gerais (Carvalho & scolforo, 2008) (scolforo, 2008).…”

Spatial Variability of the Granulometric Fractions and Chemical Attributes of a Sandy Soil Under a No-Tillage System

“…All the variables that presented spatial dependence, in both depths, have adjusted to the spherical model. The spherical model has been reported in the literature as the most common adjustment to the soil and plant data (Grego e Vieira, 2005;Siqueira et al, 2008;Guedes Filho et al, 2010;Vieira et al, 2010).…”

“…To minimize the effects of soil variability in cultures productivity has been used geospatial analysis tools so that, the agricultural production systems be optimized, with the intention to manage the spatial variability (Molin, 2000;Guedes Filho et al, 2010).…”

Sampling planning of micronutrients and aluminium of the soils of São Paulo, Brazil

“…Maps of this type have facilitated agricultural and urban planning in China (Liu et al, 2004(Liu et al, , 2013Shi et al, 2008;Xie et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2012), the USA (Franzen et al, 2006) and France (Saby et al, 2006), but are scant for Brazil. There are, in fact, few large-scale Brazilian maps encompassing areas a few square metres to 170 ha in size (Couto and Klamt, 1999;Parfitt et al, 2009;Guedes Filho et al, 2010;Silva and Lima, 2012); also, most contain information about other variables used in precision agriculture programmes.…”