Spatial and temporal trend evaluation of ambient concentrations of 1,3-butadiene and chloroprene in Texas

Grant, Roberta L.; Leopold, Vincent Justus; McCant, Darrell; Honeycutt, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.007

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Human exposure to BD is common due to it ubiquitous presence in urban air, 9-11 cigarette smoke, 8,33 and its extensive use in plastic and rubber industries. 4-7 Classified as a human carcinogen, BD induces tumors in laboratory animals and increases the risk for hematopoietic cancer in occupationally exposed individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary HPLC-Accurate Mass MS/MS Quantitation of N7-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybut-1-yl)-guanine Adducts of 1,3-Butadiene in Human Leukocyte DNA

Sangaraju

Villalta

Goggin

et al. 2013

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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1,3-butadiene (BD) is a high volume industrial chemical commonly used in polymer and rubber production. It is also present in cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and urban air, leading to widespread exposure of human populations. Upon entering the body, BD is metabolized to electrophilic epoxides, 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), diepoxybutane (DEB), and 3,4-epoxy-1,2-diol (EBD), which can alkylate DNA nucleobases. The most abundant BD epoxide, EBD, modifies the N7-guanine positions in DNA to form N7-(2, 3, 4-trihydroxybut-1-yl) guanine (N7-THBG) adducts, which can be useful as biomarkers of BD exposure and metabolic activation to DNA-reactive epoxides. In the present work, a capillary HPLC- high resolution ESI+-MS/MS (HPLC-ESI+-HRMS/MS) methodology was developed for accurate, sensitive, and reproducible quantification of N7-THBG in cell culture and in human white blood cells. In our approach, DNA is subjected to neutral thermal hydrolysis to release N7-guanine adducts from the DNA backbone, followed by ultrafiltration, solid phase extraction, and isotope dilution HPLC-ESI+-HRMS/MS analysis on an Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. Following method validation, N7-THBG was quantified in human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells treated with μmolar concentrations of DEB and in DNA isolated from blood of smokers, nonsmokers, individuals participating in a smoking cessation program, and occupationally exposed workers. N7-THBG concentrations increased linearly from 31.4μ± 4.84 to 966.55 ± 128.05 adducts per 109 nucleotides in HT1080 cells treated with 1 -100 μM DEB. N7-THBG amounts in leukocyte DNA of non-smokers, smokers, and occupationally exposed workers were 7.08 ± 5.29, 8.20 ± 5.12, and 9.72 ± 3.80 adducts per 109 nucleotides, respectively, suggesting the presence of an endogenous or environmental source for this adduct. The availability of sensitive HPLC-ESI+-HRMS/MS methodology for BD-induced DNA adducts in humans will enable future population studies of inter-individual and ethnic differences in BD bioactivation to DNA-reactive epoxides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary HPLC-Accurate Mass MS/MS Quantitation of N7-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybut-1-yl)-guanine Adducts of 1,3-Butadiene in Human Leukocyte DNA

Sangaraju

Villalta

Goggin

et al. 2013

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Exposure to BD occurs principally in the occupational settings of industrial facilities that produce and use this compound (Jackson et al, 2000;Anttinen-Klemetti et al, 2006). However, exposure to low levels of BD in urban air and in door settings do occur, since BD is also found in automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke (Adam et al, 2006;Grant et al, 2007). BD is currently regulated as a hazardous air pollutant (NTP, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diepoxybutane activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis in human lymphoblasts through oxidative stress

Yadavilli¹,

Martinez‐Ceballos²,

Snowden-Aikens³

et al. 2007

Toxicology in Vitro

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Diepoxybutane (DEB) is the most potent metabolite of the environmental chemical 1, 3-butadiene (BD), which is prevalent in petrochemical industrial areas. BD is a known mutagen and human carcinogen, and possesses multi-systems organ toxicity. We recently reported that DEB-induced cell death in TK6 lymphoblasts was due to the occurrence of apoptosis, and not necrosis. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for DEB-induced apoptosis in these cells. Bax and Bak were found to be over-expressed and activated, and the mitochondrial trans-membrane potential was attenuated in cells undergoing DEB-induced apoptosis. Cytochrome c was depleted from the mitochondria of TK6 cells undergoing apoptosis, and was released into the cytosol in Jurkat-T lymphoblasts exposed to the same concentrations of DEB. Executioner caspase 3 was deduced to be activated by initiator caspase 9. DEB induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine effectively blocked DEB-induced apoptosis in TK6 cells.Collectively, these results demonstrate that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is activated to mediate DEB-induced apoptosis in human TK6 lymphoblasts. These results further demonstrate that DEB-induced apoptosis is also mediated by the DEB-induced generation of ROS. This is the first report to examine the mechanism of DEB-induced apoptosis in human lymphoblasts.

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“…35 Its presence in the air has been demonstrated at manufacturing plants, but the occurrence and concentration detected are generally low. 36 While we analyzed exhaled breath samples stored in ALTEF bags, we unexpectedly detected the four dimerization products of chloroprene that turned out to be the background contaminants emitted from the bag material. These dimers have been demonstrated in all of the ALTEF bags obtained from different batches and analyzed over a 2-year period in our lab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dimerization Products of Chloroprene are Background Contaminants Emitted from ALTEF (Polyvinylidene Difhioride) Gas Sampling Bags

et al. 2017

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Gas sampling bags have been used for collecting air samples. Tedlar bags are most commonly used, but bleed background chemicals such as N,N-dimethylacetamide and phenol. It is often necessary to remove the contaminant by flushing the bags with pure nitrogen or air. In this study, we identified four chloroprene dimerization products as background contaminants emitted from ALTEF bags that are made of a proprietary polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). No monomer chloroprene was detected in the bags analyzed. All of the dimers gradually increased once bags were filled with nitrogen due to diffusion from the bag surface. Flushing the bags with nitrogen reduced their concentrations, but was not effective for removing the contaminants. When the bags that had been flushed with nitrogen 5 times were left for 24 h, they increased again, indicating that the dimers were constantly emitted from the ALTEF bag surface. To our knowledge, these compounds have never been demonstrated in ALTEF or other PVDF bags. Our finding indicates that ALTEF might be incorporated with Neoprene (chloroprene-based polymer) during its manufacturing process.

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Spatial and temporal trend evaluation of ambient concentrations of 1,3-butadiene and chloroprene in Texas

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Capillary HPLC-Accurate Mass MS/MS Quantitation of N7-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybut-1-yl)-guanine Adducts of 1,3-Butadiene in Human Leukocyte DNA

Capillary HPLC-Accurate Mass MS/MS Quantitation of N7-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybut-1-yl)-guanine Adducts of 1,3-Butadiene in Human Leukocyte DNA

Diepoxybutane activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis in human lymphoblasts through oxidative stress

Dimerization Products of Chloroprene are Background Contaminants Emitted from ALTEF (Polyvinylidene Difhioride) Gas Sampling Bags

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