Spatial and temporal patterns of muscle cleavage in the chick thigh and their value as criteria for homology

Schroeter, Sally; Tosney, Kathryn W.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001910402

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…3A). At stage HH27, when the cleavage of ventral and dorsal masses into muscle groups is initiated (Schroeter and Tosney, 1991), we observed a ventrocaudal elongation of the ventral muscle mass towards the cloaca (Fig. 3B).…”

Section: Cloacal Muscles Develop Predominantly From Hindlimb Somitesmentioning

confidence: 87%

A dual fate of the hindlimb muscle mass: cloacal/perineal musculature develops from leg muscle cells

et al. 2005

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The cloaca serves as a common opening to the urinary and digestive systems. In most mammals, the cloaca is present only during embryogenesis, after which it undergoes a series of septation events leading to the formation of the anal canal and parts of the urogenital tract. During embryogenesis it is surrounded by skeletal muscle. The origin and the mechanisms regulating the development of these muscles have never been determined. Here, we show that the cloacal muscles of the chick originate from somites 30-34, which overlap the domain that gives rise to leg muscles (somites 26-33). Using molecular and cell labelling protocols, we have determined the aetiology of cloacal muscles. Surprisingly, we found that chick cloacal myoblasts first migrate into the developing leg bud and then extend out of the ventral muscle mass towards the cloacal tubercle. The development of homologous cloacal/perineal muscles was also examined in the mouse. Concordant with the results in birds, we found that perineal muscles in mammals also develop from the ventral muscle mass of the hindlimb. We provide genetic evidence that the perineal muscles are migratory, like limb muscles, by showing that they are absent in metd/d mutants. Using experimental embryological procedures (in chick) and genetic models (in chick and mouse), we show that the development of the cloacal musculature is dependent on proximal leg field formation. Thus, we have discovered a novel developmental mechanism in vertebrates whereby muscle cells first migrate from axially located somites to the pelvic limb, then extend towards the midline and only then differentiate into the single cloacal/perineal muscles.

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Section: Cloacal Muscles Develop Predominantly From Hindlimb Somitesmentioning

confidence: 87%

A dual fate of the hindlimb muscle mass: cloacal/perineal musculature develops from leg muscle cells

et al. 2005

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“…In crocodilians the embryonic deep dorsal mass develops into three distinct muscles: M. iliofemoralis (IF) and two Mm. puboischiofemorales interni (PIFI 1 and 2) (Romer, 1927a(Romer, , 1942Shroeter and Tosney, 1991). In birds, however, there are five deep dorsal muscles: two Mm.…”

Section: Deep Dorsal Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). These heads are usually numbered 1-3 from anterior to posterior, but M. iliotibialis 1 is also termed M. iliotibialis cranialis (IC; Shroeter and Tosney, 1991) or "sartorius" (Romer, 1923a). M. iliotibialis 1 is a distinct muscular head in birds and crocodilians, and the pattern of iliac muscle scars visible here suggests that a similar muscle was present in Tyrannosaurus.…”

Section: Triceps Femorismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

Carrano

Hutchinson

2002

Journal of Morphology

236

634

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In this article, we develop a new reconstruction of the pelvic and hindlimb muscles of the large theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Our new reconstruction relies primarily on direct examination of both extant and fossil turtles, lepidosaurs, and archosaurs. These observations are placed into a phylogenetic context and data from extant taxa are used to constrain inferences concerning the soft-tissue structures in T. rex. Using this extant phylogenetic bracket, we are able to offer well-supported inferences concerning most of the hindlimb musculature in this taxon. We also refrain from making any inferences for certain muscles where the resulting optimizations are ambiguous. This reconstruction differs from several previous attempts and we evaluate these discrepancies. In addition to providing a new and more detailed understanding of the hindlimb morphology of T. rex-the largest known terrestrial biped-this reconstruction also helps to clarify the sequence of character-state change along the line to extant birds.

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“…To address this, we injected a series of embryos at stage 30 (n ϭ 26), before the period of naturally occurring motoneuron cell death and any synaptic rearrangements that might subsequently occur (Hamburger, 1975;for review, see Oppenheim, 1991). It is also the stage when motor axons first enter the muscles (Lance-Jones and Landmesser, 1981;Tosney and Landmesser, 1985;Dahm and Landmesser, 1988) and is the first stage in which muscles are fully cleaved from the embryonic muscle mass (Romer, 1927;Schroeter and Tosney, 1991) and available for differential fast or slow injection.…”

Section: The Pattern Of Fasciculation Observed Is Not Established By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Fasciculation and Divergent Pathfinding Decisions of Embryonic Chick Motor Axons Projecting to Fast and Slow Muscle Regions

1998

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Proper motor function requires the precise matching of motoneuron and muscle fiber properties. The lack of distinguishing markers for early motoneurons has made it difficult to determine whether this matching is established by selective innervation during development or later via motoneuron-muscle fiber interactions. To examine whether chick motoneurons selectively innervate regions of their target containing either fast or slow muscle fibers, we backlabeled neurons from each of these regions with lipophilic dyes. We found that motor axons projecting to fast and slow muscle regions sorted into separate but adjacent fascicles proximally in the limb, long before they reached the muscle. More distally, these fascicles made divergent pathfinding decisions to course directly to the appropriate muscle fiber region. In contrast, axons projecting to different areas of an all-fast muscle did not fasciculate separately and became more intermingled as they coursed through the limb. Selective fasciculation of fast-and slow-projecting motoneurons was similar both before and after motoneuron cell death, suggesting that motoneurons specifically recognized and fasciculated with axons growing to muscle regions containing the appropriate muscle fiber type. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that "fast" and "slow" motoneurons are molecularly distinct before target innervation and that they use these differences to selectively fasciculate, pathfind to, and branch within the correct muscle fiber region from the outset of neuromuscular development.

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Spatial and temporal patterns of muscle cleavage in the chick thigh and their value as criteria for homology

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

A dual fate of the hindlimb muscle mass: cloacal/perineal musculature develops from leg muscle cells

A dual fate of the hindlimb muscle mass: cloacal/perineal musculature develops from leg muscle cells

Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

Selective Fasciculation and Divergent Pathfinding Decisions of Embryonic Chick Motor Axons Projecting to Fast and Slow Muscle Regions

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