Spatial and temporal migration of wild Atlantic salmon smolts determined from a video camera array in the sub-Arctic River Tana

Davidsen, Jan Grimsrud; Svenning, Martin‐A.; Orell, Panu; Yoccoz, Nigel G.; Dempson, J. Brian; Niemelä, Eero; Klemetsen, Anders; Lamberg, Anders; Erkinaro, Jaakko

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2005.02.005

Cited by 47 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although differences among species cannot be excluded, the result may perhaps be explained by context dependent spatial positioning of smolts. In contrast to the surface positioning of Pacific smolts migrating in large and deep hydroelectric reservoirs (Coutant and Whitney, 2000;Johnson et al, 2000;Beeman and Maule, 2001), recent evidence have indicated that smolts migrating downstream in rivers and streams may be vertically positioned towards the bottom (Davidsen et al, 2005;Svendsen et al, 2007). Provided that the smolts approaching the water abstraction zone in the present study were positioned towards the bottom, they may have been migrating below the travelling screen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Effects of a surface oriented travelling screen and water abstraction practices on downstream migrating salmonidae smolts in a lowland stream

Svendsen

Aarestrup

Deacon

et al. 2009

River Research & Apps

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Downstream migration of immature salmonids (smolts) may be associated with severe mortalities in anthropogenically altered channels. In Pacific salmon, several investigations have suggested the use of the dominating surface orientation of smolts to improve fish by-pass structures in large and deep hydroelectric reservoirs. The present study tested the use of a surface orientated travelling screen to guide Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) smolts past a water abstraction site in a shallow lowland stream. The percentage of total discharge abstracted from the stream was included in the analyses. Indigenous migrating smolts were trapped, PIT tagged and subsequently released upstream of the water abstraction site. Releases shifted between a present or absent travelling screen. The migration success of the released smolts was evaluated using a trap situated downstream of the water abstraction site. There was no evidence that the surface oriented travelling screen had any influence on the probability of fish passing the water abstraction site. However, for both species, the probability of successful migration past the water abstraction site correlated negatively with the abstracted percentage of the total daily stream discharge. These findings may have important management implications because they suggest that short term changes in the percentage of total stream discharge abstracted may have consequences for the downstream migration success of smolts.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Effects of a surface oriented travelling screen and water abstraction practices on downstream migrating salmonidae smolts in a lowland stream

Svendsen

Aarestrup

Deacon

et al. 2009

River Research & Apps

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“…Smith 1982). More recent studies have however, demonstrated smolts responding behaviourally to in-stream structures (Kemp and Williams 2008) and visual clues (Kemp and Williams 2009), avoiding rapidly accelerating currents (Haro et al 1998;Enders et al 2009) and overhead cover (Kemp et al 2005), and preferring certain areas while migrating downstream (Davidsen et al 2005;Svendsen et al 2007). The present study corroborates the conclusion that smolt migration includes active components and depends on behavioural decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking individual behaviour and migration success inSalmo salarsmolts approaching a water withdrawal site: implications for management

Svendsen

Aarestrup

Malte

et al. 2011

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-Seaward migration of immature salmonids (smolts) may be associated with severe mortality in anthropogenically altered channels. Few studies however, have identified distinct behaviours that lead to exposure to adverse habitats or even unsuccessful migration. This study used high resolution telemetry to map migration routes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts approaching a water withdrawal zone associated with an aquaculture facility in a lowland river. Individual smolts were tagged with an acoustic transmitter and released upstream of the water withdrawal zone. A trap was installed downstream of the water withdrawal zone. The trap captured all smolts that passed the water withdrawal zone. The tracking results confirmed previous studies on Pacific salmon showing that Atlantic salmon smolts may perform milling behaviours (i.e. upstream excursions and circular swimming behaviour) in anthropogenically altered channels. Non-milling and milling smolts were compared. Smolts performing milling behaviours covered a larger area (m 2 ) and experienced an increased probability of entering the water withdrawal zone, considered an adverse habitat. Finally, smolts were identified as either passing (67%) or non-passing (33%) the water withdrawal zone based on the recapture data from the trap. In total, 20% of the non-passing smolts entered the aquaculture facility. Several behavioural traits differed between the remaining (80%) non-passing smolts and the passing smolts. In particular, time spent near the water withdrawal zone correlated negatively with the probability of passage. These links between individual behaviours and exposure to adverse habitats and passage probability may be applied to improve management of salmonid populations.

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“…The migration of salmon smolt in the freshwater fluvial habitat is mostly nocturnal and has been qualified as having a strong component of passive drift (see Ibbotson et al 2006) with swimming oriented with the flow (Fängstam 1993;Davidsen et al 2005). The migration of salmon smolt in the freshwater fluvial habitat is mostly nocturnal and has been qualified as having a strong component of passive drift (see Ibbotson et al 2006) with swimming oriented with the flow (Fängstam 1993;Davidsen et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural transition during the estuarine migration of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt

Martin

Hedger

Dodson

et al. 2009

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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– Ultrasonic telemetry and hydrodynamic modelling were used to study the migratory behaviour of 54 wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt captured in freshwater during their downstream migration and tracked in 2 years through a shallow estuary system. A high‐density, fixed array of receivers provided detailed spatial and temporal resolution of behaviour in the second year of study. Smolt migration in the river occurred mostly at night and downstream migration was slower during the day. In the estuary, smolt moved seaward on ebbing tides and landward on flooding tides. The effect of current velocity was greater during the night than during the day. We documented for the first time that current velocity and diurnal period only accounted for approximately one‐third of the variation in smolt ground speeds in the estuary, indicating that smolt movements were far less passive than previously reported. Smolt energetic status had no effect on smolt swimming behaviour or migratory performance. With an increase in salinity, smolt seaward movements during flooding tides were more frequent, and overall seaward ground velocity increased. The increase in salinity experienced by the smolt during their migration through the leading edge of saltwater intrusion thus induced a behavioural transition from a more passive, fluvial migration to a more active‐ and seaward‐oriented migration.

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Spatial and temporal migration of wild Atlantic salmon smolts determined from a video camera array in the sub-Arctic River Tana

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of a surface oriented travelling screen and water abstraction practices on downstream migrating salmonidae smolts in a lowland stream

Effects of a surface oriented travelling screen and water abstraction practices on downstream migrating salmonidae smolts in a lowland stream

Linking individual behaviour and migration success inSalmo salarsmolts approaching a water withdrawal site: implications for management

Behavioural transition during the estuarine migration of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt

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