Spatial and temporal epidemiology of Mycobacterium leprae infection among leprosy patients and household contacts of an endemic region in Southeast Brazil

Nicchio, Mariana Vitorino Candeiro; Araújo, Sérgio; Martins, Lorraine Campos; Pinheiro, Andressa V.; Pereira, Daniela C.; Borges, A. C.; Antunes, Douglas Eulálio; Barreto, Josafá Gonçalves; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.019

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Official reports indicate that the ratio of male to female patients is often skewed: 2.3:1 in China 14 , 15 , 2.27:1 in Philippines 16 and 0.53:0.47 in Brazil 17 . In the present study of southwest China we observed a bias in male and female ratio to 2.42:1, well in agreement with national records.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010–2014

Wang

Jiang

Danfeng

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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More than 100 counties, mainly in southwest China, report incidence rates of leprosy >1/100,000. The current study analysed the epidemiology of leprosy in southwest China to improve our understanding of the transmission pattern and improve control programs. 207 counties were selected in southwest China. Leprosy patients and their household contacts were recruited. The data from the medical interview and the serological antileprosy antibody of the leprosy patients were analysed. A total of 2,353 new cases of leprosy were interviewed. The distribution of leprosy patients was partly associated with local natural and economic conditions, especially several pocket areas. A total of 53 from 6643 household contacts developed leprosy, and the incidence rate of leprosy in the household contacts was 364/100,000 person-years. We found that NDO-BSA attained higher positive rates than MMP-II and LID-1 regardless of clinical types, disability and infection time in leprosy patients. By means of combination of antigens, 88.4% patients of multibacillary leprosy were detected, in contrast to 59.9% in paucibacillary leprosy. Household contacts should be given close attention for the early diagnosis, disruption of disease transmission and precise control. Applications of serology for multi-antigens were recommended for effective coverage and monitoring in leprosy control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010–2014

Wang

Jiang

Danfeng

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…This may be related to the lack of transportation, relatively underdeveloped economies, and poor allocation of and access to health resources in remote areas. Some studies have shown that leprosy cases are likely to cluster in small areas and that poverty, access to health care and an area's economic development level may be important drivers of its persistence [19][20][21][22]. This suggests that for the development of new leprosy prevention and treatment measures, priority should be given to strengthening the allocation of health resources in remote and economically underdeveloped areas to increase access to health care for patients.…”

Section: Chongqing (2) Region and Patient Distribution Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Leprosy and the Effects of its Control in Chongqing, China, 1949-2018

Pan²,

Xiao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Chongqing from 1949 to 2018 and evaluate the prevention and treatment effects over time to provide a basis for improving leprosy prevention and treatment strategies in Chongqing.Methods: Epidemiological indicators such as the incidence rate, prevalence rate, and annual estimated percentage change (EAPC) were used to evaluate the prevalence of leprosy. The prevention and treatment of leprosy patients were evaluated by indexes representing delay in diagnosis, the cure rate and the course of the disease. The statistical software used mainly include SPSS20.0, GraphPad Prism 8, ArcGIS 10.7.Results: From 1949 to 2018, a total of 3698 cases of leprosy were reported in Chongqing, with a sex ratio (male:female) of 3.814:1. The incidence of leprosy in the city peaked at 0.848/105 people in 1960 and remained below 0.100/105 people after 2004, achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for the elimination of leprosy. The mortality rate remained at or below 0.100 per 100,000 people. The median time between disease onset and diagnosis in the whole population was 3.576(1.435, 7.621) years.The early detection rate was 31.314%, and the rate of patients with grade 2 disability was 31.989%, which decreased significantly over time (χ2=5.063, P=0.024). Compared with dapsone(DDS), multidrug therapy (MDT) was associated with a higher cure rate and a shorter disease course (χ2=608.346, P=0.000).Conclusions: Currently, leprosy in Chongqing remains in a low epidemic state. However, to maintain the status of meeting the WHO standards for the elimination of leprosy, there are some challenges that should not be overlooked by leprosy prevention workers. For example, the early detection of leprosy and the prevention and treatment of related disability still need to be strengthened.

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“…Durante a investigação epidemiológica de casos novos da doença é possível não encontrar relação com outro caso reconhecido na rede de convívio, embora possivelmente todos tenham sido expostos a uma fonte ativa, em algum momento de suas vidas 9,10 . Por outro lado, muitos casos não identificados estão de fato relacionados a casos recém-diagnosticados e poderão permanecer sem diagnóstico, se não ocorrer adequada avaliação de seus contatos 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desempenho da vigilância de contatos de casos de hanseníase: uma análise espaço-temporal no Estado da Bahia, Região Nordeste do Brasil

et al. 2019

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Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a tendência espaço-temporal da proporção de contatos examinados entre os registrados, segundo perfil demográfico de casos novos de hanseníase diagnosticados no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, na coorte 2003-2014. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de base populacional estadual, com análises temporal e espacial da proporção de contatos examinados entre os registrados segundo características do caso referência de hanseníase, com base no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde. A análise de tendência temporal foi baseada na regressão de Poisson por pontos de inflexão (Joinpoints). A análise espacial utilizou a autocorrelação espacial pelo Índice Local de Associação Espacial. Ao longo da série histórica, 52,9% (55.116/104.142) dos contatos registrados foram examinados, com menor proporção entre pessoas < 60 anos, raça/etnia indígena e residentes em municípios de grande porte (em particular na capital). Verificou-se tendência de aumento da proporção de contatos examinados, com menor expressão quando o caso referência de hanseníase era do sexo masculino, de raça/cor preta, residente em zona rural e em cidades de pequeno porte, além da capital do estado. A distribuição espacial demonstrou que a maioria dos municípios apresentou desempenho com parâmetro precário, com aglomerados identificados nas regiões norte e extremo-sul. O Estado da Bahia apresenta desempenho precário das ações de vigilância de contatos, em particular diante de condições de maior vulnerabilidade social. Estratégias adicionais devem ser implementadas com vistas à superação de obstáculos operacionais para essa ação, considerada essencial para a interrupção da transmissão da hanseníase.

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Spatial and temporal epidemiology of Mycobacterium leprae infection among leprosy patients and household contacts of an endemic region in Southeast Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010–2014

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010–2014

Epidemiological Characteristics of Leprosy and the Effects of its Control in Chongqing, China, 1949-2018

Desempenho da vigilância de contatos de casos de hanseníase: uma análise espaço-temporal no Estado da Bahia, Região Nordeste do Brasil

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