Spatial and temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis

Karagiannis-Voules, Dimitrios-Alexios; Biedermann, Patricia; Ekpo, Uwem Friday; Garba, Amadou; Langer, Erika; Mathieu, Els; Midzi, Nicholas; Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Polderman, A.M.; Raso, Giovanna; Sacko, Moussa; Talla, I.; Tchuenté, Louis-Albert Tchuem; Touré, Seydou; Winkler, Mirko S.; Utzinger, Jürg; Vounatsou, Penelope

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)71004-7

Cited by 169 publications

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“…Higher prevalences of hookworm and schistosome infections have been reported from warmer KwaZulu-Natal, located further north than Port Elizabeth [40, 41] compared to the results from our study. In our cohort of primary schoolchildren, heavy T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides intensities were observed in areas built in the 1950s to accommodate 6000 predominantly coloured people but where a recent survey estimated that more than 30,000 people are living in the area [39].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…In the GBD update 2013, a disease burden of 14.2 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 person-years is estimated for children below the age of 15 years in South Africa who are infected with A. lumbricoides , while the respective estimate for children infected with T. trichiura is almost 10-fold higher (140 DALYs per 100,000 person-years) [49]. As we observed similar prevalences for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura [41, 50], it appears that the disease burden of the latter helminth infection in under 15-year-old South African children is higher.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Intestinal parasites, growth and physical fitness of schoolchildren in poor neighbourhoods of Port Elizabeth, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAs traditional lifestyle and diets change with social and economic development, disadvantaged communities in low- and middle-income countries increasingly face a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. We studied the relationship between physical fitness and infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), intestinal protozoa and Helicobacter pylori among schoolchildren in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1009 children, aged 9 to 12 years, from eight primary schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Port Elizabeth. Physical fitness was determined using field-deployable tests of the Eurofit fitness test battery. Stool samples were analysed with the Kato-Katz thick smear technique to diagnose STHs and with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to detect intestinal protozoa and H. pylori infections. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed and anthropometric indicators determined.ResultsComplete data were available for 934 children (92 %). In two schools, high STH prevalences were found (Ascaris lumbricoides 60 and 72 %; Trichuris trichiura 65 % each). For boys and girls co-infected with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura (n = 155) the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was estimated to be 50.1 and 47.2 ml kg-1 min-1, compared to 51.5 and 47.4 ml kg-1 min-1 for their non-infected peers (n = 278), respectively. On average, children without helminth infections had greater body mass (P = 0.011), height (P = 0.009) and a higher body mass index (P = 0.024) and were less often stunted (P = 0.006), but not significantly less wasted compared to their peers with a single or dual species infection. Among 9-year-old boys, a negative correlation between helminth infections and VO2 max, grip strength and standing broad jump distance was observed (P = 0.038). The overall mean Hb level was 122.2 g l-1. In the two schools with the highest prevalence of STHs the Hb means were 119.7 and 120.5 g l-1, respectively.ConclusionsIntestinal parasite infections appear to have a small but significant negative effect on the physical fitness of infected children, as expressed by their maximal oxygen uptake. We observed a clear impact on anthropometric indicators.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1761-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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confidence: 67%

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confidence: 56%

Intestinal parasites, growth and physical fitness of schoolchildren in poor neighbourhoods of Port Elizabeth, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey

et al. 2016

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“…The burden posed by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura in Ethiopia is reportedly higher than that of hookworm, with the national average being estimated at 37% for A. lumbricoides and 30% for T. trichiura [19]. Low variation in temperature and environmental conditions in an isolated area such as the peninsula has been previously linked to these helminths infections [35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children in a rural highland of north-western Ethiopia: the role of intensive diagnostic work-up

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminthiases (hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) are extremely prevalent in school-aged children living in poor sanitary conditions. Recent epidemiological data suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis is highly unreported. However, accurate data are essential for conducting interventions aimed at introducing control and elimination programmes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 396 randomly selected school-aged children in Amhara region in rural area in north-western Ethiopia, to assess the prevalence of S. stercoralis and other intestinal helminths. We examined stools using three techniques: conventional stool concentration; and two S. stercoralis-specific methods, i.e. the Baermann technique and polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic accuracy of these three methods was then compared.ResultsThere was an overall prevalence of helminths of 77.5%, with distribution differing according to school setting. Soil-transmitted helminths were recorded in 69.2%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infection was 20.7 and 54.5%, respectively, and co-infection was detected in 16.3% of cases. Schistosoma mansoni had a prevalence of 15.7%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis was shown 3.5% by the conventional method, 12.1% by the Baermann method, and 13.4% by PCR, which thus proved to be the most sensitive.ConclusionsOur results suggest that S. stercoralis could be overlooked and neglected in Ethiopia, if studies of soil-transmitted helminths rely on conventional diagnostic techniques alone. A combination of molecular and stool microscopy techniques yields a significantly higher prevalence. In view of the fact that current control policies for triggering drug administration are based on parasite prevalence levels, a comprehensive diagnostic approach should instead be applied to ensure comprehensive control of helminth infections.

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“…Existe evidencia que la prevalencia de parasitosis disminuye según mejoran las condiciones sanitarias y socio-económicas de los territorios 16,17 . Chile, en los últimos años ha mejorado sus indicadores sociales y económicos, sin embargo, en aspectos de desigualdad social el avance ha sido más lento 18 , por lo que las bondades del progreso no han llegado a todos los territorios por igual.…”

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Desigualdad en la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en escolares de una escuela urbana y dos rurales de la comuna de Puerto Montt

2016

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Spatial and temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis

Cited by 169 publications

References 46 publications

Intestinal parasites, growth and physical fitness of schoolchildren in poor neighbourhoods of Port Elizabeth, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey

Intestinal parasites, growth and physical fitness of schoolchildren in poor neighbourhoods of Port Elizabeth, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey

High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children in a rural highland of north-western Ethiopia: the role of intensive diagnostic work-up

Desigualdad en la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en escolares de una escuela urbana y dos rurales de la comuna de Puerto Montt

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