Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors

Xie, Zhengjun; Qin, Yaochen; Li, Yang; Shen, Wei; Zheng, Zhicheng; Liu, Shirui

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929

Cited by 113 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our findings at the prefecture level on the impact of temperature conditions over the transmission of COVID-19 are not consistent with other published studies ( Prata et al, 2020 ; Wang, 2020 ). However, our results are consistent with several published studies ( He et al, 2020 ; Luo, 2020 ; Rashed et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2020 ), which reported that the changes in temperature in spring and summer months might not lead to decline of confirmed case counts without the implementation of extensive public health interventions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 in China: Risk Factors and R0 Revisited

et al. 2021

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Highlights Understanding the characteristics of spatiotemporal clustering of the COVID-19 epidemic and R0 is critical in effectively preventing and controlling the pandemic. Temperature profile played a significant role in the spatiotemporal clustering of the COVID-19 epidemic in China The increase in temperature increases the R0 value Temperatures had more contribution towards the transmission of COVID-19 than population age in China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 in China: Risk Factors and R0 Revisited

et al. 2021

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“…As such, we analyzed the spatial evolution characteristics of epidemic sites by using NNI, kernel density, and SDE methods, providing a useful supplemental approach for studying the spatial distribution pattern of COVID-19. The analysis results show that the epidemic sites were spatially clustered; some studies have also found spatial clustering of COVID-19 at the national scale [ 14 , 16 , 25 ]. In Shenzhen, the epidemic sites have been mainly located in Futian District, Luohu District, and Nanshan District.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Covid-19 Spread in Shenzhen, China—An Analysis Based on 417 Cases

Liu

Qin

Xie

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The global pandemic of COVID-19 has made it the focus of current attention. At present, the law of COVID-19 spread in cities is not clear. Cities have long been difficult areas for epidemic prevention and control because of the high population density, high mobility of people, and high frequency of contacts. This paper analyzed case information for 417 patients with COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China. The nearest neighbor index method, kernel density method, and the standard deviation ellipse method were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the COVID-19 spread in Shenzhen. The factors influencing that spread were then explored using the multiple linear regression method. The results show that: (1) The development of COVID-19 epidemic situation in Shenzhen occurred in three stages. The patients showed significant hysteresis from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization and then to diagnosis. Prior to 27 January, there was a relatively long time interval between the onset of symptoms and hospitalization for COVID-19; the interval decreased thereafter. (2) The epidemic site (the place where the patient stays during the onset of the disease) showed an agglomeration in space. The degree of agglomeration constantly increased across the three time nodes of 31 January, 14 February, and 22 February. The epidemic sites formed a “core area” in terms of spatial distribution and spread along the “northwest–southeast” direction of the city. (3) Economic and social factors significantly impacted the spread of COVID-19, while environmental factors have not played a significant role.

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“…There are four stages that are required for zoonotic agents to emerge in humans: 1) human contact with the infectious agent; 2) cross-species transmission of the agent; 3) sustained human-to-human transmission and 4) genetic adaptation by the human host [3,4]. All these steps occurred when COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China on late December 2019 [5], and the possible initial source of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was a species of horseshoe bat found in caves in Yunnan Province [3,4,6,7]. It was also identified that secondary or intermediate hosts in which SARS-CoV-2 lived prior to reaching humans were likely the pangolins [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries

Figueiró-Filho

Yudin

Farine

2020

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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The objective of this review was to identify the most significant studies reporting on COVID-19 during pregnancy and to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and perinatal outcomes. Eligibility criteria included all reports, reviews; case series with more than 100 individuals and that reported at least three of the following: maternal characteristics, maternal COVID-19 clinical presentation, pregnancy outcomes, maternal outcomes and/or neonatal/perinatal outcomes. We included eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,966 cases distributed in 15 countries around the world until July 20, 2020. The results of our review demonstrate that the maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes almost 11,000 cases of COVID-19 and pregnancy described in 15 different countries are not worse or different from the general population. We suggest that pregnant women are not more affected by the respiratory complications of COVID-19, when compared to the outcomes described in the general population. We also suggest that the important gestational shift Th1-Th2 immune response, known as a potential contributor to the severity in cases of viral infections during pregnancy, are counter-regulated by the enhanced-pregnancy-induced ACE2-Ang-(1–7) axis. Moreover, the relatively small number of reported cases during pregnancy does not allow us to affirm that COVID-19 is more aggressive during pregnancy. Conversely, we also suggest, that down-regulation of ACE2 receptors induced by SARS-CoV-2 cell entry might have been detrimental in subjects with pre-existing ACE2 deficiency associated with pregnancy. This association might explain the worse perinatal outcomes described in the literature.

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Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors

Cited by 113 publications

References 11 publications

COVID-19 in China: Risk Factors and R0 Revisited

COVID-19 in China: Risk Factors and R0 Revisited

The Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Covid-19 Spread in Shenzhen, China—An Analysis Based on 417 Cases

COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries

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