Spatial Analysis of Breast Cancer Incidence in Iran

Abstract

of oncology death in women in these countries (Jemal et al., 2011). BC comprises about one-fifth of all female cancers. This cancer is the cause of deaths in high-income countries and the second cause of death in low and middle income countries (Payandeh et al., 2015b). BC is the most common cause of death in middle-aged women AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in females (27% of the total) and the main cause of death (16%) due to cancer in women in developed and developing countries. Variations in its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there have been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present spatial analysis of breast cancer incidence in Iran in 2009 was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized according to the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then data was inserted into the GIS software and finally, using the Hot Spot Analysis (Geties-Ord Gi), high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces with incidences 1.96 SD higher or lower than the national average were considered as hot spots or cold spots, at the significance level of 0.05%. In 2009, a total of 7,582 cases of BC occurred in Iran. The annual incidence was 33.2 per hundred thousand people. Our study showed that the highest incidence of BC in women occurred in the central provinces of the country, Tehran, Isfahan, Yazd, Markazi and Fars. The results of hot spots analysis showed that the distribution of high-risk BC was focused in central parts of Iran, especially Isfahan province (p <0.01). The other provinces were not significantly different from the national average. The higher incidence in central provinces may be due to greater exposure to carcinogens in urban areas, a Western lifestyle and high prevalence of other risk factors. Further epidemiological studies about the etiology and early detection of BC are essential.

Association of Omentin-1 with Oxidative Stress and Clinical Significances in Patients with Breast Cancer

“…There are about 40 000 patients known with BC in Iran and 7000 new cases are being diagnosed annually. 2 The average age of BC diagnosis in Iran is about 46 to 49 years which is ten years less than average age in western countries. 3 Considering the rising rate of BC incidence, early detection and prognosis of this cancer remarkably increases the survival rate of patients.…”

Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

“…This rapid evidence based delineation of breast cancer areas is a tool for guiding public health professionals and decision makers to establish a breast cancer program for fine tuning the epidemiological map and the subsequent risk map generated as applied in health sector in Iran [23] and elsewhere in Saudi Arabia [24] where the geographical information was used to set priorities. One of the limitations of our model is the lack of environmental data to better assess the pattern of breast cancer which is a multi-factorial condition.…”

No detection of EBV, BKV and JCV in breast cancer tissue samples in Iran

“…Among cancers, breast cancer is the most common cancer with around 2.4 million cases in 2015 [1]. In Iran, there are 4000 related deaths and 7000 new cases annually and with the incidence rate is 24 per 100,000 people, as the most common type of cancer amongst Iranian women [2].…”