Spatial accumulation pattern of citrulline and other nutrients in immature and mature watermelon fruits

Akashi, Kinya; Mifune, Yuki; Morita, Kaori; Ishitsuka, Souichi; Tsujimoto, Hisashi; Ishihara, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1002/jsfa.7749

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Among seeded cultivars grown in three locations (Lane OK, Clinton NC, and Kinston NC), citrulline content varied more among fruit within a cultivar than across cultivars or locations [25]. The lack of a location impact on within-cultivar variation (on citrulline content in watermelon) warrants investigation in other cucurbit taxa in the hopes of finding other high citrulline and arginine fruit and vegetables.Citrulline accumulation appears to peak with ripeness, concomitant with sugars [20,26,27]. Among tissues, watermelon heart (central-most, non-locular), rind, and peel had the greatest citrulline content [26,27].…”

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“…The lack of a location impact on within-cultivar variation (on citrulline content in watermelon) warrants investigation in other cucurbit taxa in the hopes of finding other high citrulline and arginine fruit and vegetables.Citrulline accumulation appears to peak with ripeness, concomitant with sugars [20,26,27]. Among tissues, watermelon heart (central-most, non-locular), rind, and peel had the greatest citrulline content [26,27]. Joshi and Fernie [28] indicate that citrulline accumulation likely results from decreased catabolism rather than an increase in biosynthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Citrulline accumulation appears to peak with ripeness, concomitant with sugars [20,26,27]. Among tissues, watermelon heart (central-most, non-locular), rind, and peel had the greatest citrulline content [26,27].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae

Hartman

Wehner

et al. 2019

Horticulturae

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Watermelon is the most significant, natural plant source of L-citrulline, a non-proteinaceous amino acid that benefits cardiovascular health and increases vasodilation in many tissues of the body. Watermelon is a member of the Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, melon, pumpkin, and cucumber. It is possible that other cucurbits could be good sources of citrulline or of arginine, its direct precursor. Twenty-one cultigens were evaluated in triplicate at two locations in North Carolina to estimate citrulline and arginine amounts and variation due to cultigen, replication, and environment. Cultigens containing the highest amount of citrulline (based on LS means) in g/kg fresh weight were ’Crimson Sweet’ watermelon (2.85), ’Dixielee’ watermelon (2.43), casaba-type melon (0.86), mouse melon (0.64), and horned melon rind (0.45). Additionally, mouse melon, horned melon, and bitter gourd (arils) may be interesting sources of arginine-family amino acids, perhaps because of their large seed and aril content relative to mesocarp.

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Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae

Hartman

Wehner

et al. 2019

Horticulturae

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“…lanatus is an annual plant which is originated from southern part of Africa [15]. The plant is up to 3 m long and the older part of the plant becomes hairless [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Bamisaye¹,

Sulyman²,

Ajani³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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“…Citrulline accumulation in watermelon fruit appears to be correlated to ripeness. Akashi et al (2017) investigated spatial and temporal citrulline accumulation in watermelon fruits, noting that it peaks roughly with soluble solids content (SSC) (Akashi et al, 2017;Fish, 2014). Akashi et al (2017) also described a bimodal accumulation pattern of citrulline, with peel (4.4 ± 0.8 g/kg) having the highest content on a FW basis compared with heart (2.4 ± 0.99 g/kg FW) and rind (2.1 ± 0.94 g/kg FW).…”

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Citrulline and Arginine Are Moderately Heritable in Two Red-fleshed Watermelon Populations

Hartman¹,

Perkins-Veazie²,

Wehner³

2019

horts

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Watermelon fruit [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum & Nakai] is a natural source of phytonutrients, including lycopene, citrulline, and arginine. Two segregating, highly outcrossed North Carolina watermelon populations, NC High Yield (NCHYW) and NC Small Fruit (NCSFW), were evaluated for these traits and for indicators of ripeness (pH and soluble solids content). Parents tested in 2015 (N SF = 300, N HY = 300) were sampled for the above and offspring were tested in 2016 if the sampled fruit of the parents were of qualifying ripeness [soluble solids concentration (SSC) ‡8, pH 5.5-6.5], resulting in 251 families (N SF = 72, N HY = 175). Narrow-sense heritability was estimated in each of the populations using the methods of 1) parent-offspring regression and 2) variance of half-sibling family means. Heritability for citrulline in NCHYW was moderate in both parent-offspring and half-sibling estimations (38% and 43%), as was arginine (40% and 44%) and lycopene (46% and 47%, respectively). Estimates for these traits in NCSFW were considerably different, with parent-offspring and half-sibling estimations for citrulline (65% and 22%), arginine (9% and 20%), and lycopene (44% and 68%). In NCHYW, moderate phenotypic correlations were found between SSC and citrulline (0.40), arginine (0.40), their combination (0.45), and lycopene (0.30) all of which were significant, except lycopene. Lycopene was significantly and weakly correlated to citrulline (0.22), but was not correlated to arginine (0.06). Similar correlations were found in NCSFW; SSC was significantly correlated to citrulline (0.24), arginine (0.18), and their combination (0.23), whereas lycopene was slightly correlated to citrulline (0.15) and not significantly correlated to arginine. Based on these heritabilities and phenotypic correlations, tandem selection for high lycopene and citrulline content may be accomplished efficiently using progeny rows with minimal replication using the NCSFW population, whereas replication with multiple years, rows, and locations may be necessary for creating stable lines using the NCHYW population.

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Spatial accumulation pattern of citrulline and other nutrients in immature and mature watermelon fruits

Abstract: These observations suggested that citrulline accumulation may be regulated in a distinct manner from other nutrients during watermelon fruit maturation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae

Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae

Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Citrulline and Arginine Are Moderately Heritable in Two Red-fleshed Watermelon Populations

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