Sparse Coding Can Predict Primary Visual Cortex Receptive Field Changes Induced by Abnormal Visual Input

Hunt, Jonathan J.; Dayan, Peter; Goodhill, Geoffrey J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003005

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Previous computational models have focused on either the development of disparity tuning or the development of vergence and accommodation control, but have failed to capture their rich interdependence (26,(45)(46)(47). For example, a model by Hunt et al (26) explained how disparity tuning may emerge through sparse coding and how alternate rearing conditions could give rise to systematic differences in receptive field properties, but their model completely neglected vergence and accommodation behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Efficient Coding Explains the Development of Binocular Vision and its Failure in Amblyopia

Eckmann

Klimmasch

Shi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The development of vision during the first months of life is an active process that comprises the learning of appropriate neural representations and the learning of accurate eye movements. While it has long been suspected that the two learning processes are coupled, there is still no widely accepted theoretical framework describing this joint development. Here we propose a computational model of the development of active binocular vision to fill this gap. The model is based on a new formulation of the Active Efficient Coding theory, which proposes that eye movements, as well as stimulus encoding, are jointly adapted to maximize the overall coding efficiency. Under healthy conditions, the model self-calibrates to perform accurate vergence and accommodation eye movements. It exploits disparity cues to deduce the direction of defocus, which leads to coordinated vergence and accommodation responses. In a simulated anisometropic case, where the refraction power of the two eyes differs, an amblyopia-like state develops, in which the foveal region of one eye is suppressed due to inputs from the other eye. After correcting for refractive errors, the model can only reach healthy performance levels if receptive fields are still plastic, in line with findings on a critical period for binocular vision development. Overall, our model offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding the development of binocular vision under healthy conditions and in amblyopia. efficient coding | active perception | amblyopia | vergence | accommodation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Efficient Coding Explains the Development of Binocular Vision and its Failure in Amblyopia

Eckmann

Klimmasch

Shi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Thirdly, the BCM is biologically plausible and maps to known physiology, enabling the integration of NFP with fast growing wider knowledge of human perceptual and social development. Some form of binocular correlation underlies the normative function in all developmental models of stereopsis (see for example Franz & Triesch (2007); Solgi & Weng (2009); Wang & Shi (2010); Hunt, Dayan, & Goodhill (2013)). Mutual gain control is the current best candidate for binocular integration in adults (Ding & Sperling, 2006;Meese, Georgeson & Baker, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staring us in the face? An embodied theory of innate face preference

Wilkinson

Paikan

Gredebäck

et al. 2014

Developmental Science

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Human expertise in face perception grows over development, but even within minutes of birth, infants exhibit an extraordinary sensitivity to face-like stimuli. The dominant theory accounts for innate face detection by proposing that the neonate brain contains an innate face detection device, dubbed 'Conspec'. Newborn face preference has been promoted as some of the strongest evidence for innate knowledge, and forms a canonical stage for the modern form of the nature-nurture debate in psychology. Interpretation of newborn face preference results has concentrated on monocular stimulus properties, with little mention or focused investigation of potential binocular involvement. However, the question of whether and how newborns integrate the binocular visual streams bears directly on the generation of observable visual preferences. In this theoretical paper, we employ a synthetic approach utilizing robotic and computational models to draw together the threads of binocular integration and face preference in newborns, and demonstrate cases where the former may explain the latter. We suggest that a system-level view considering the binocular embodiment of newborn vision may offer a mutually satisfying resolution to some long-running arguments in the polarizing debate surrounding the existence and causal structure of newborns' 'innate knowledge' of faces.

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“…Efficient, realistic implementations have been proposed which show that imposing sparseness may indeed guide neural organization in neural network models, see for instance (Zylberberg et al, 2011;Hunt et al, 2013). Additionally, it has also been shown that in a neuromorphic model, an efficient coding hypothesis links sparsity and selectivity of neural responses (Blättler and Hahnloser, 2011).…”

Section: Sparseness Induces Neural Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%