We investigated whether 12-month-old infants rely on information about the certainty of goal selection in order to predict observed reaching actions. Infants' goal-directed gaze shifts were recorded as they observed action sequences in a multiple-goals design. We found that 12-month-old infants exhibited gaze shifts significantly earlier when the observed hand reached for the same goal object in all trials (frequent condition) compared with when the observed hand reached for different goal objects across trials (nonfrequent condition). Infants in the frequent condition were significantly more accurate at predicting the action goal than infants in the nonfrequent condition. In addition, findings revealed rapid learning in the case of certainty and no learning in the case of uncertainty of goal selection over the course of trials. Together, our data indicate that by the end of their first year of life, infants rely on information about the certainty of goal selection to make inferences about others' action goals.

Human expertise in face perception grows over development, but even within minutes of birth, infants exhibit an extraordinary sensitivity to face-like stimuli. The dominant theory accounts for innate face detection by proposing that the neonate brain contains an innate face detection device, dubbed 'Conspec'. Newborn face preference has been promoted as some of the strongest evidence for innate knowledge, and forms a canonical stage for the modern form of the nature-nurture debate in psychology. Interpretation of newborn face preference results has concentrated on monocular stimulus properties, with little mention or focused investigation of potential binocular involvement. However, the question of whether and how newborns integrate the binocular visual streams bears directly on the generation of observable visual preferences. In this theoretical paper, we employ a synthetic approach utilizing robotic and computational models to draw together the threads of binocular integration and face preference in newborns, and demonstrate cases where the former may explain the latter. We suggest that a system-level view considering the binocular embodiment of newborn vision may offer a mutually satisfying resolution to some long-running arguments in the polarizing debate surrounding the existence and causal structure of newborns' 'innate knowledge' of faces.

Praise for the third edition of An Introduction to Behavioral Economics 'With new material on neuroeconomics, as well as applications to current political and economic developments such as Brexit in the UK and polarization in the US, the third edition of An Introduction to Behavioral Economics expands, and brings up to date, this superb introduction to the field of behavioral economics. With their unique and interesting perspective, and engaging writing, the authors help readers share in the excitement of those currently working in the field.'-George Loewenstein, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 'An Introduction to Behavioral Economics, by Nick Wilkinson and Matthias Klaes, is an excellent introduction to behavioural economics from the perspective of economic psychology and the determinants of choice behaviour, building on the tradition established by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Moreover, Wilkinson and Klaes present behavioural economics in the context of economic theory thereby linking behavioural economic insights with contemporary economic theory. They also pay some attention to the sociology of choice which further enriches their presentation and insights. This is definitely a book that should be read by anyone interested in behavioural economics.'-Morris Altman, The University of Newcastle, Australia ' A thoroughly updated third edition of this popular textbook which covers cutting-edge behavioral economics in a pleasingly engaging style. Students will appreciate the structure of chapters: after the Introduction to the field section, including the nature of behavioural economics and methodology, the Foundations section provides the fundamental groundwork, followed by Intertemporal Choice, and then Strategic Interaction, including game theory and social preferences, before the Conclusion ties everything together and considers the future of the field. Mathematics is used sparingly, and there are thoughtful pedagogic features that will aid learning. The breadth of coverage is impressive, ranging from evolutionary approaches, biology and neuroeconomics, to recent political events in the UK (Brexit) and elsewhere (e.g., the election of Donald Trump in the USA). This excellent textbook should inform and inspire students.'-Philip J. Corr, City, University of London, UK 'The third edition provides a superbly accessible introduction to behavioural economics, whilst ensuring a detailed examination of the theories and research studies underpinning them. The text remains at the forefront of theoretical development, whilst providing topical and engaging applications to hold students' attention.'-Piers Thompson, Nottingham Trent University, UK 'This new edition of Wilkinson and Klaes' excellent text is most welcome given my students' very positive appraisal of the previous edition. The book's strengths are its comprehensiveness, open approach to the issues behavioral economics raise, and methodology emphasis. Strongly recommended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students.'

The last editorial dealt with the time based concept for buildings where adaptability responded to the need for change and variations. The concept actually is centuries old but only came to the fore with the advent of the office block. That in itself is nothing new but some architects have taken the principle of housing adaptability into forms which look like offices. Why not ?

Nabeel Hamdi's new book The Placemakers' Guide to Building Community (ISBN 978-1-84407-803-5) published by Earthscan is a very useful book which should be on the shelves of every person involved in building communities and the art of development practices. The outside back cover has a number of short statements which reveal that Nabeel has made a place for himself at the pinnacle of participatory planning and “.….has masterfully woven together notions of place making that have evolved since John Turmer's book, Housing by People, into a new paradigm for professional practice” says Bish Sanyal, Ford International Professor of Urban Development and Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.”