Spark plasma sintering of functionally graded material in the Ti–TiB2–B system

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…Superposition of an external pressure helps to solve this problem, and HP, HIP, and FAST/SPS are required for the complete densification of FGMs. For instance, laminated TiN/Al 2 O 3 and layers of (TiN) x (Al 2 O 3 ) 1Àx (x ranging from 1 to 0), [186] hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia, [187] ZrB 2 /ZrO 2 , [188] Ti/TiB 2 /B, [189] Ni/Cu, [190] mullite/molybdenum, [191] ZrO 2 /stainless steel, [192] or Al 2 O 3 /SiC [193] were successfully densified by FAST/SPS.…”

Spark Plasma Sintering as a Useful Technique to the Nanostructuration of Piezo‐Ferroelectric Materials

“…The most commonly compacted materials by this technique are: carbides, for example, SiC, Ti 3 SiC 2 , WC and ZrC; [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] nitrides, for example Si 3 N and AlN; [39][40][41] oxides, for example, ZrO 2 , [27,28,42] Al 2 O 3 [9,11,43] and several perovskites; [10,[44][45][46][47][48][49] phosphates, for example, Nasicon [50] and Hydroxyapatite; [51,52] metals; [53][54][55][56] intermetallics; [57] and, borides. [58,59] The use of rapid sintering appear to be essential for the fabrication of nanocrystalline ceramics [46,49] and to get special microstructures. [60] Using SPS as a forming tool is a relatively new idea.…”

Preparation of titanium diboride TiB2 by spark plasma sintering at slow heating rate

“…Although DG of reaction (3) is the most negative, Ti and TiB 2 can further react to form TiB due to the small negative value of the free energy of reaction (2). For this reason, TiB 2 will be converted to TiB as long as the average B concentration in the reaction zone is less than 18 mass% [10].…”