Spark plasma sintering behaviour of copper powders having different particle sizes and oxygen contents

Menapace, C.; Cipolloni, Giulia; Hebda, Marek; Ischia, Gloria

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.12.020

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Besides, the intermetallic phases (bright lines) in small powders also showed a narrower width than that in large powders. The molten alloy droplet cooling rate is in direct proportion to its specific surface area [ 20 , 21 ]. While, the small powder had 10 times bigger specific surface area as compared to the large one and, thus, a faster cooling rate resulted in refined structures (fine grains and intermetallic phases) in small powders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared to small powders, the large powders can maintain a higher temperature for a longer period due to the lower cooling rate, which are favorable for rapid diffusion of alloying elements from matrix to grain boundaries [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], leading to the formation of more and bigger second phases. Simultaneously, a more severe depletion of solute elements occurs inside the matrix near the grain boundaries, resulting in the formation of wide depletion zone with a low content of alloying element [ 10 , 11 , 21 ]. In addition, several small phases could grow to merge into large ones due to the precipitation and growth of second phases in coarse grains, forming more continuous and bigger phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Film Properties of Bimodal Grain Size AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Tian

Kang

et al. 2020

Materials

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The bimodal-grain-size 7075 aluminium alloys containing varied ratios of large and small 7075 aluminium powders were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The large powder was 100 ± 15 μm in diameter and the small one was 10 ± 5 μm in diameter. The 7075 aluminium alloys was completely densified under the 500 °C sintering temperature and 60 MPa pressure. The large powders constituted coarse grain zone, and the small powders constituted fine grain zone in sintered 7075 aluminium alloys. The microstructural and microchemical difference between the large and small powders was remained in coarse and fine grain zones in bulk alloys after SPS sintering, which allowed for us to investigate the effects of microstructure and microchemistry on passive properties of oxide film formed on sintered alloys. The average diameter of intermetallic phases was 201.3 nm in coarse grain zone, while its vale was 79.8 nm in fine grain zone. The alloying element content in intermetallic phases in coarse grain zone was 33% to 48% higher than that on fine grain zone. The alloying element depletion zone surrounding intermetallic phases in coarse grain zone showed a bigger width and a more severe element depletion. The coarse grain zone in alloys showed a bigger electrochemical heterogeneity as compared to fine grain zone. The passive film formed on coarse grain zone had a thicker thickness and a point defect density of 2.4 × 1024 m−3, and the film on fine grain zone had a thinner thickness and a point defect density of 4.0 × 1023 m−3. The film resistance was 3.25 × 105 Ωcm2 on coarse grain zone, while it was 6.46 × 105 Ωcm2 on fine grain zone. The passive potential range of sintered alloys increased from 457 mV to 678 mV, while the corrosion current density decreased from 8.59 × 10−7 A/cm2 to 6.78 × 10−7 A/cm2 as fine grain zone increasing from 0% to 100%, which implied that the corrosion resistance of alloys increased with the increasing content of fine grains. The passive film on coarse grain zone exhibited bigger corrosion cavities after pitting initiation compared to that on fine grain zone. The passive film formed on fine grain zone showed a better corrosion resistance. The protectiveness of passive film was mainly determined by defect density rather than the thickness in this work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Film Properties of Bimodal Grain Size AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Tian

Kang

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…Accordingly, the greater resistance of the contact points enhances the bulk compact electrical resistance when a pulsed direct current is passed through the particles. Hence, such an electrical current can produce more homogenous heat generation and becomes more suitable for sintering [59,[75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Particle and Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on spark plasma sintering of copper and its alloys

et al. 2021

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Copper and its alloys have been in the service of humankind earlier than any other metal throughout history. In the present review, all aspects of the SPS of copper and its alloys are comprehensively investigated, and their potential effects on the microstructure and properties of alloys are thoroughly reviewed. In this regard, the densification phenomenon during SPS treatment is fully investigated. The effects of raw powder characteristics involving particle size, contamination content, and powder morphology on the sinterability of these materials are examined. Then, the influence of SPS operation parameters consisting of pressure, heating rate, dwelling time, pulsed electrical current, electrical pulses pattern, sintering temperature, and sintering tooling on densification of these materials is extensively discussed. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution and grain growth behaviors during SPS are explored. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives of this field are addressed.

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“…Both porosity and density depend on the size and shape of particles, as well as on applied compaction pressure (among other things). Moreover, in the other research, it was shown that the particle size influences the sintering process as well as properties of ready-made parts (Ertugrul et al, 2016;Kováčová et al, 2016;Menapace et al, 2016;Shongwe et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2015). The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of shape and size of powders as well as of compacting pressure on the porosity, density, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel sinters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of powder particles shape and size on the sintered austenitic stainless steel

Debecka

Hebda

2019

IJMPT

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Corrosion behaviour and properties of ready parts produced by powder metallurgy depend on their porosity, especially its volume, spread, type (open or closed) and size. Porosity is inversely proportional to sintered material density, and depends on the size and shape of particles, as well as applied compaction pressure (among others). Furthermore, the particle size influences the sintering process itself in addition to the properties of ready-made parts. The results presented here concern the influence of powder shape and size as well as compacting pressure on the porosity, density, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of sintered 316L stainless steel parts. In addition, the effects occurring during the sintering process were analysed. It was observed that the size and shape of particles significantly affect the sintering process. Most importantly, it was observed that applied compaction pressure is the largest factor on the final properties of the samples.

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Spark plasma sintering behaviour of copper powders having different particle sizes and oxygen contents

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Passive Film Properties of Bimodal Grain Size AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Passive Film Properties of Bimodal Grain Size AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

A critical review on spark plasma sintering of copper and its alloys

Influence of powder particles shape and size on the sintered austenitic stainless steel

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