Spacecraft operational anomalies and space weather impact hazards

Iucci, N.; Дорман, Л. И.; Левитин, А. Е.; Белов, А. В.; Eroshenko, E. A.; Птицына, Н. Г.; Villoresi, G.; Chizhenkov, G. V.; Gromova, L. I.; Parisi, M.; Tyasto, M. I.; Yanke, V. G.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.028

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the analysis of Wilkinson [1994], who investigated phantom commands and single event upsets of GOES satellites. Iucci et al [2006] also analyzed satellite anomaly data in the period 1971–1994 and showed that a semiannual variation was observed for the GEO satellites. From these results, it seems that a seasonal dependence of satellite anomalies is a general phenomenon on GEO for all types of anomalies.…”

Section: Spacecraft Anomaly Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Baker [2000] reported the operational anomalies of MARECS‐A in February 1986, Telstar 401 in January 1997, and Galaxy 4 in May 1998 are presumably caused by higher‐energy electrons (>2 MeV). Recently, Iucci et al [2006] investigated satellite operational anomalies reported in the period of 1971–1994, and found that very intense solar protons measured by IMP‐8 were linked to high‐altitude near‐polar orbit satellites, while elevated fluxes of energetic (>2 MeV) electrons measured by GOES influenced on the GEO and low‐altitude near‐polar orbits. Pilipenko et al [2006] investigated solar cycle dependency of the GEO satellite anomalies for the period 1986–1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of GEO spacecraft anomalies: Space weather relationships

et al. 2011

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[1] The authors welcome the comment from J. E. Mazur and T. P. O'Brien [Mazur and O'Brien, 2012] on our recently published study [Choi et al., 2011]. In our paper, we investigated the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite anomalies archived by Satellite News Digest (SND) during 1997-2009 in order to search for possible influences of space weather on the anomaly occurrences. There were good relationships between geomagnetic activity (as measured by the Kp index) and anomaly occurrences of the GEO satellites; the satellite anomalies occurred mainly in the midnight-to-morning sector, and the anomalies were found more frequently in spring and fall than in summer and winter. A comparison of the SND data with data from Los Alamos National Laboratory satellites showed that low-energy (<100 keV) electrons exhibit behavior similar to that of spacecraft anomalies and implied that the spacecraft charging may be a primary contributor to the GEO spacecraft anomalies reported on the SND Web site (http://www.sat-index.co.uk). [2] Mazur and O'Brien [2012] point out that some anomalies used in our analysis were not obviously caused by space weather effects. In fact, we intentionally used all of the GEO satellite anomalies listed on the SND Web site in order to exclude a subjective selection effect. Our event list, chosen from the SND database, represented major satellite anomalies that had significant financial impacts. There were numerous minor satellite anomalies reported from many agencies, and we want to emphasize that their tendency was similar to that of our event list. While the number of events may not be large enough to analyze local time dependence, when the anomalies reported by SND from 2010 to 2011 (indicated in Figure 1 by star symbols) are included, it is very clear that the anomaly occurrences are more frequent at nighttime than during the daytime. [3] Mazur and O'Brien [2012] also mention the relationship between GEO satellite anomalies and charging effects. Internal charging may be concerned with high-energy electrons and independent of its local time, while external charging is related to low-energy electrons and dependent on its local time. As we noted in Choi et al. [2011], the flux of 100 keV electrons on GEO orbit shows nonuniform distribution on the local time, yet these electrons don't have enough energy to penetrate satellite walls and charge internal components. At this moment, we don't fully understand the mechanism by which charged particles bring about the anomalies. [4] We support the proposal made by Mazur and O'Brien [2012] that an agency be established to maintain adequate and open anomaly and abnormality lists containing all information about events. We also anticipate that our paper will serve as encouragement to all the agencies concerned to make their anomaly data publicly available and to investigate an occurrence mechanism of spacecraft anomaly. References

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Section: Spacecraft Anomaly Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of GEO spacecraft anomalies: Space weather relationships

et al. 2011

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“…Many critical technologies upon which society has become increasingly dependent are vulnerable to the effects of solar activity. Space weather events have damaged Earth‐orbiting satellites, disrupted communications and GPS networks, disabled power grids on the ground, and pose health hazards to astronauts as well as airline passengers on polar routes [ Lambour et al ., ; Iucci et al , ; Pulkkinen , ; Schrijver, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific objectives and capabilities of the Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory

et al. 2016

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Magnetic influences increase in importance in the solar atmosphere from the photosphere out into the corona, yet our ability to routinely measure magnetic fields in the outer solar atmosphere is lacking. We describe the scientific objectives and capabilities of the COronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO), a proposed synoptic facility designed to measure magnetic fields and plasma properties in the large‐scale solar atmosphere. COSMO comprises a suite of three instruments chosen to enable the study of the solar atmosphere as a coupled system: (1) a coronagraph with a 1.5 m aperture to measure the magnetic field, temperature, density, and dynamics of the corona; (2) an instrument for diagnostics of chromospheric and prominence magnetic fields and plasma properties; and (3) a white light K‐coronagraph to measure the density structure and dynamics of the corona and coronal mass ejections. COSMO will provide a unique combination of magnetic field, density, temperature, and velocity observations in the corona and chromosphere that have the potential to transform our understanding of fundamental physical processes in the solar atmosphere and their role in the origins of solar variability and space weather.

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“…It is widely acknowledged that space weather affects spacecraft operations and contributes to anomalous satellite performance (e.g., Baker, 2000;Fennell et al, 2001;Iucci et al, 2006;Allen, 2010;Bodeau, 2010). Understanding the causal effects of space weather on satellite performance requires a thorough understanding of the space weather environment and the frequency and likelihood of hazardous space weather events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the average and the likelihood of increases in space weather indices and in situ measurements during Solar Cycles 20-23

et al. 2013

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It is known that space weather harshly affects spacecraft performance, yet spacecraft operations and understand the cause of anomalies can be challenging due to the complexity of environmental metrics. In this work, we analyse five metrics and in-situ measurements (Kp, Dst, and AE index, and high-energy proton and electron flux) throughout Solar Cycles 20-23 (1964 to 2008), and provide a baseline for the environment during the phases of the solar cycles (maximum, minimum, declining or ascending). We define increased activity as activity greater than two median absolute deviations (MADs) above the average activity for each phase. MAD is used, rather than 2 W.Q. Lohmeyer et al.standard deviation, because it is more resilient to outliers. The average and MAD values are tabulated in Table 3 to Table 6. We determine the probability that increased activity occurs 3, 14 or 30 days before a random day to distinguish between increased/quiet activities and to aid in correlating intensifications of the environment and anomalous satellite performance.

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Spacecraft operational anomalies and space weather impact hazards

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of GEO spacecraft anomalies: Space weather relationships

Analysis of GEO spacecraft anomalies: Space weather relationships

Scientific objectives and capabilities of the Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory

Quantifying the average and the likelihood of increases in space weather indices and in situ measurements during Solar Cycles 20-23

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