Spacecraft Fire Detection: Smoke Properties and Transport in Low-Gravity

Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.; Brooker, John E.; Cleary, Thomas G.; Yang, Jiann C.; Mulholland, George W.; Zhuang, Yuan

doi:10.2514/6.2008-806

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Table 2 shows the boundary conditions for each ventilation type based on references [3,24] considering the working environment for the flow rates of diffuser, register, hatch, and IMV diffuser of a real ISS Destiny module. As shown in Figure 3, 6 photoelectric smoke detectors which generate fire alarm signals by optically detecting smoke particles.…”

Section: Fds Numrical Anaysissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constructed under the initiative of NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency after the fire incident on Mir, the ISS has installed a photoelectric smoke detector, which generates fire alarm signals by detecting smoke particles optically, inside the pressurized module. Urban et al [3] numerically analyzed the detection time of photoelectric smoke detectors with respect to the smoke yield by modeling the ISS Destiny Laboratory Module and assuming smoke particles generated from the burning of combustibles in a microgravity environment as soot. They reported that the fire detection time of smoke detectors can change greatly depending on the change of soot yield, and fire may not be detected depending on the position of the detector and the flow pattern when the soot yield is lower than 0.05.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

Hong

Park

2021

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A fire during manned space exploration can cause serious casualties and disrupt the mission if the initial response is delayed. Therefore, measurement technology that can detect fire in the early stage of ignition is important. There have been a number of works that investigate the smoke behaviors in microgravity as the foundation for a reliable method for sensing a fire during spaceflight. For space missions to the outer planets, however, a strategy of detecting smoke as an indicator of fire should be adjusted to cover the fire scenario that can be greatly affected by changes in gravity (microgravity, lunar, Mars, and Earth gravity). Therefore, as a preliminary study on fire detectors of the manned pressurized module, the present study examined the smoke particle behavior and detection characteristics with respect to changes in gravity using numerical analysis. In particular, the effects of the combination of buoyancy and ventilation flow on the smoke particle movement pattern was investigated to further improve the understanding of the fire detection characteristics of the smoke detector, assuming that a fire occurred in different gravity environments inside the pressurized module. To this end, we modeled the internal shape of Destiny and performed a series of numerical analysis using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The findings of this study can provide basic data for the design of a fire detection system for manned space exploration modules.

show abstract

Section: Fds Numrical Anaysissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

Hong

Park

2021

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The safety of manned spacecraft for long-term space missions is critical, especially in terms of fire safety. In most terrestrial applications, the use of gaseous CO 2 is well recognized as an effective method of fire suppression [1][2][3][4][5]. Because CO 2 scrubbing systems are required for manned spacecraft or interplanetary habitats, future extraterrestrial fire suppression systems also consider the gaseous CO 2 that is currently used in the ISS fire suppression system [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into the Effects of Gaseous CO2 on Spherically Symmetric Droplet Flames

Hong,

Park

2023

Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effect of CO2 on the burning behavior and radiative properties of a single ethanol droplet flame in microgravity. Measurements of the droplet burning rate, the flame size and temperature, and the radiative emissions were performed, under microgravity conditions for ethanol droplets burning in N2 and CO2 environments, using the 1.5 s drop tower facilities at the Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU). The non-monotonic sooting behaviors (caused by the elevated O2 concentrations) were found to have a significant influence on radiative heat losses in N2 environments, resulting in non-linear droplet burning behaviors with O2 concentrations. Due to the unique nature of CO2 in microgravity, which absorbs radiative energy from the flame and raises the temperatures of the surrounding gases, the CO2 environments suppressed the radiative heat losses from the flame, regardless of the non-monotonic sooting behavior observed at the higher O2 concentrations. These experimental findings highlight the complicated physics of CO2 gas radiation in microgravity, which has not been quantitatively explored.

show abstract

“…We are tracking 34 scientific publications and recognize that classified and proprietary proceedings include a much greater number of results documenting technology developments. Recent experiments range from combustion physics and soot production (important data for redesign of spacecraft smoke detectors 5 ) to the successful demonstration of microfluidic technologies for rapidly detecting different contaminants like bacteria and fungi. Other new technology experiments and standalone instrument packages monitor other air contaminants.…”

Section: A Technology Development For Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the International Space Station: An Overview

Evans

Robinson

Tate-Brown

2009

47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Engineers and scientists from around the world are working together to refine their operational relationships and build from their experiences conducting early science to ensure maximum utilization of the expanded capabilities aboard ISS. This paper will summarize science results and accomplishments, and discuss how the early science utilization provides the foundation for continuing research campaigns aboard the ISS that will benefit future exploration programs.1 This paper is derived from forthcoming

show abstract

Spacecraft Fire Detection: Smoke Properties and Transport in Low-Gravity

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

New Insight into the Effects of Gaseous CO2 on Spherically Symmetric Droplet Flames

Research on the International Space Station: An Overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About