Space Weather Effects on Technologies

Lanzerotti, L. J.

doi:10.1029/gm125p0011

Cited by 91 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…When the number of incoming energetic (>10 MeV) protons exceeds 10 particle flux unit (pfu) (1 pfu = 1 proton per cm 2 sr s) at geosynchronous satellite altitudes, we call this a solar proton event (SPE), or a solar radiation storm, which leads to severe radiation hazards to spacecrafts and astronauts [Siscoe, 2000;Lanzerotti, 2001]. Since the extremely high speeds of energetic protons correspond to their high energies, SPEs arrive at the Earth within only several tens of minutes to several hours after the eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of four SPE groups with different origins and acceleration processes

et al. 2015

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Solar proton events (SPEs) can be categorized into four groups based on their associations with flare or CME inferred from onset timings as well as acceleration patterns using multienergy observations. In this study, we have investigated whether there are any typical characteristics of associated events and acceleration sites in each group using 42 SPEs from 1997 to 2012. We find the following: (i) if the proton acceleration starts from a lower energy, a SPE has a higher chance to be a strong event (> 5000 particle flux per unit (pfu)) even if its associated flare and/or CME are not so strong. The only difference between the SPEs associated with flare and CME is the location of the acceleration site. (ii) For the former (Group A), the sites are very low (∼ 1 Rs) and close to the western limb, while the latter (Group C) have relatively higher (mean = 6.05 Rs) and wider acceleration sites. (iii) When the proton acceleration starts from the higher energy (Group B), a SPE tends to be a relatively weak event (< 1000 pfu), although its associated CME is relatively stronger than previous groups. (iv) The SPEs categorized by the simultaneous acceleration in whole energy range within 10 min (Group D) tend to show the weakest proton flux (mean = 327 pfu) in spite of strong associated eruptions. Based on those results, we suggest that the different characteristics of SPEs are mainly due to the different conditions of magnetic connectivity and particle density, which are changed with longitude and height as well as their origin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of four SPE groups with different origins and acceleration processes

et al. 2015

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“…These induced currents are very dangerous for conductive communications, cable lines (main, high voltage, communication, telephone, and telegraph), railway and other equipment. [12,13] The strongest perturbations of the geomagnetic field lead to disasters and failure of transformers, electronic equipment, and other ground-based technological systems. [14][15][16][17] Figure 2: The map of magnetic disturbances by the date of the space weather prediction center (swpc.noaa.gov) Furthermore, disturbances of the geomagnetic field can significantly affect human health and the biosphere as a whole.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Kuzichkin¹

2017

IJGP

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Background and Objective: The article discusses a data processing method for geomagnetic field of the earth on a distributed network of geophysical observatories. Method: The proposed method allows to detect and monitor irregular disturbances of the geomagnetic field, evaluate their options, determine the epicenter of the occurrence of disturbances and to estimate the parameters of the epicenter. For monitoring irregular disturbances in the Arctic the application of the developed method would prevent the effects of strong magnetic storms and substorms: Failure of cable lines, railway, accidents and damage to transformers, electronic equipment, and other groundbased technological systems. The article the effect of magnetic substorms on technical objects and biosphere of the Arctic area also examines, the organization of monitoring of geomagnetic disturbances describes, the mechanism of advanced and distributed processing irregular disturbances describes. Results: The results of approbation of the proposed methods and algorithms on a real example are this article. Conclusion: The application of the developed approaches allowed to increase the precision of determining the epicentral zone, the direction of the propagation and the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances. In addition, the ambiguity of the definition of the epicenter is completely gone, all other local extrema of the value of the correlation coefficient are not >0.78. At the same time, in the processing, the possible loss of the measuring point is due to a preselection of informative areas on them, by the primary processing of geomagnetic waves.

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“…GIC are dangerous for pipelines, high-voltage power lines, railway equipment, communications cables, telephone and telegraph lines. The most intense currents (up to hundreds of amperes) and fields (more 10 V/m) are excited at auroral latitudes during magnetic storms and substorms [Lanzerotti, 2001]. Induced currents cause saturation, overheating and even damage of the high-voltage transformers in power systems.…”

Section: Index Of Geomagnetic Field Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

ULF wave power index for space weather and geophysical applications: A review

Пилипенко¹,

Козырева²,

Engebretson³

et al. 2017

Russ. J. Earth Sci.

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A ULF wave index, characterizing the level of the geomagnetic field variability in the frequency range 2-7 mHz, has been suggested to the space physics and geophysical community. This global wave index is produced from all available arrays of magnetometers and isolated stations in the Northern hemisphere. A similar ULF wave index is calculated using magnetometer data from geostationary (GOES) and interplanetary (Wind, ACE) satellites. In this review we demonstrate that a wide range of space physics studies, such as the solar wind-ionosphere coupling, wave energy transport, substorm physics, relativistic electron energization, ring current formation, electrodynamics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, search for electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes, etc., has benefited from the introduction of the provisional ULF wave index. Possible ways of the ULF index advancement and development are discussed. The permanently updating ULF-index database is freely available via the website ulf.gcras.ru for all interested researchers for further validation and statistical studies. KEYWORDS: ULF waves; space weather; substorms; magnetic storms; earthquake precursors; geomagnetically induced currents; discrete mathematical analysis.

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Space Weather Effects on Technologies

Cited by 91 publications

References 54 publications

Characteristics of four SPE groups with different origins and acceleration processes

Characteristics of four SPE groups with different origins and acceleration processes

Untitled

ULF wave power index for space weather and geophysical applications: A review

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