“…Johnson et al [9][10][11], Rannacher et al [4,[12][13][14], Ramm et al [5,6,15], Oden and Prudhomme [16,17] and R uter et al [18,19]. Recent contributions are those of Larsson et al [7,20,21] dealing with problems of coupled thermoelasticity, non-linear elasticity and viscoplasticity. A major advantage of the proposed approach is that it is possible to choose any goal-oriented error measure (in spacetime), which is of engineering interest, and the data of the dual problem are chosen accordingly in such a fashion that an exact error representation can be obtained (at least formally).…”