Space Radiation Dosimetry on U.S. and Soviet Manned Missions

Benton, E. V.; Parnell, T. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_51

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Radiation hazards posed by solar energetic particles (SEP), protons and highly charged energetic particles (HZE) of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are worrisome for exploration missions, when the chances of solar flares increase. Passive dosimetry recorded levels from 10-87 mrad/day in low Earth orbit (200-500 km altitudes) to 44-1 27 mrad/day on the moon (3). GCR predominate at the lowest altitudes; dose-rates increase tenfold at higher altitudes (mostly trapped protons); secondary radiation, mostly neutrons, arises from HZE interacting with spacecraft material.…”

Section: What Is the Spaceflight Environment?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human physiology in space

Vernikos

1996

BioEssays

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The universality of gravity (1 g) in our daily lives makes it difficult to appreciate its importance in morphology and physiology. Bone and muscle support systems were created, cellular pumps developed, neurons organised and receptors and transducers of gravitational force to biologically relevant signals evolved under 1g gravity. Spaceflight provides the only microgravity environment where systematic experimentation can expand our basic understanding of gravitational physiology and perhaps provide new insights into normal physiology and disease processes. These include the surprising extent of our body's dependence on perceptual information, and understanding the effect and importance of forces generated within the body's weightbearing structures such as muscle and bones. Beyond this exciting prospect is the importance of this work towards opening the solar system for human exploration. Although both appear promising, we are only just beginning to taste what lies ahead.

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Section: What Is the Spaceflight Environment?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human physiology in space

Vernikos

1996

BioEssays

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“…Such an experiment -again using the rad54-3 mutant of yeastwas flown on STS-84; the results will be reported elsewhere. The special radiation field in space [1,2] has also to be taken into account. It consists mainly of charged particles and their secondaries created by interaction with spacecraft material and the human body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimation of radiation risk in space is a complicated matter, and one cannot simply rely on terrestrial radiation protection standards. The radiation field is in fact quite different; it consists essentially of protons, alpha-particles, and heavier ions up to iron [2]. These particles interact with spacecraft material, giving rise to secondary radiation, e.g., neutrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

Pross¹,

Kiefer²

1999

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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The influence of microgravity on the repair of x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks was studied in the temperature-conditional repair mutant rad54-3 of diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells were exposed on the ground and kept at a low temperature until microgravity conditions were achieved. In orbit, they were incubated at the permissive temperature to allow repair. Before re-entry they were again cooled down and kept at a low temperature until final analysis. The experiment, which was flown on the shuttle Atlantis on flight STS-76 (SMM-03), showed that repair of pre-formed DNA double-strand breaks in yeast is not impaired by microgravity.

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“…For the US Shuttle, e.g. average crew dose rates range from 36 mGy/day to 1.1 mGy/day [2]. SEP events are currently not predictable neither in time of their occurrence nor in the maximum flux expected.…”

Section: Sources Of Protons and Ions In Outer Space And On Earthmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relative biological effectiveness of proton and ion beams

Jäkel

2008

Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik

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Space Radiation Dosimetry on U.S. and Soviet Manned Missions

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Human physiology in space

Human physiology in space

Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

The relative biological effectiveness of proton and ion beams

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