Space-Confined Synthesis of Thin Polypyrrole Nanosheets in Layered Bismuth Oxychloride for a Photoresponse Antibacterial within the Near-Infrared Window and Accelerated Wound Healing

Abstract

Bacterial infection greatly affects the rate of wound healing. Both photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial therapies activated by near-infrared (NIR) light with semiconductor nanomedicine are two effective approaches to address bacterial infections, but they cannot coexist synergistically to kill bacteria more efficiently because of the limitation of the band structure. Here, inspired by the natural core–shell structure and photosynthesis simultaneously, polypyrrole (PPy) is synthesized in the two-dimensional restricted area of the layered bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets through the in situ ultrasonic recombination method. The atomic-level interface contact and bonding formed in the PPy-BiOCl intercalated nanosheets not only improve the light-to-heat conversion capabilities of PPy but also promote the transmission of PPy photogenerated charge carriers to the BiOCl semiconductor. The nanocomposites take advantage of the deeper tissue penetration under NIR light irradiation and exhibit excellent photothermal and photodynamic synergistic antibacterial activity. In addition, PPy-BiOCl intercalated nanosheets have good biocompatibility and accelerate wound healing through their antimicrobial activity and skin repair function. The space-confined synthesis of thin PPy nanosheets in layered structures offers an efficient NIR photoresponsive nanomedicine for the treatment of pathogen infection, with promising applications in infected wound healing.

Efficient Near-Infrared Response Antibacterial Ceramics Based on the Method of Facile In Situ Etching Upconversion Glass-Ceramics

“…After preirradiation with the Xenon lamp for 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, 0.1 mL of the diluted solution was evenly spread on the plate . In addition, the antibacterial activities of the UAGC sheet were recovered after soaking in excess HCl (0.2 mol/L) for another 150 s, and its antibacterial stability was tested in the cyclic antibacterial experiments …”

“…In addition, Figure S3b displays the O 1s spectra of UAGC with the main peak at 529.2 eV. Different from the BiOCl, the Bi 4f and O 1s characteristic peaks of UAGC shifted to higher binding energy (∼0.2 eV) than that of BiOCl, 23 around a core of GC, which suggests that the heterojunction structure of SrTiO 3 /Sr 2 Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 /BiOCl has been constructed.…”

“…22 In addition, the antibacterial activities of the UAGC sheet were recovered after soaking in excess HCl (0.2 mol/L) for another 150 s, and its antibacterial stability was tested in the cyclic antibacterial experiments. 23 2.6. Microscopic Observations of Bacteria.…”

Targeted Wolfram-Doped Polypyrrole for Photonic Hyperthermia-Synergized Radiotherapy

“…Polypyrrole (PPy), a common organic bio-nanomaterials with good biocompatibility, remarkable electrical and optical properties, and high photothermal conversion efficiency, has been broadly explored in biomedical fields, e.g. , drug delivery systems, bone regeneration, and photothermal therapy (PTT). − During pyrrole monomer polarization and subsequent step-growth polymerization progress initiated by metallic catalysts, free metal ions can insert into the framework of PPy via coordination and meanwhile provide additional therapeutic force (such as chemodynamic therapy for traditional FeCl 3 catalyst) to strengthen antitumor efficiency. − Unfortunately, the development of noble metallic catalysts has been largely neglected and rarely investigated up to now, resulting in few antitumor therapies based on PPy only limited to PTT and chemodynamic therapy. Furthermore, radiosensitizers based on a pure PPy structure are still in the infancy stage, which could be a novel breakthrough and advancement for PPy synthesis and antitumor application.…”

A metal–organic framework nanocomposite with oxidation and near-infrared light cascade response for bacterial photothermal inactivation

“…For example, most of the noble metal nanoparticles, nano-carbon materials, magnetic nanomaterials, some nanopolymers, etc. can be heated under light, magnetic, ultrasonic, or other physical stimulations to generate high temperature for bacterial inactivation; photosensitizers and nanosemiconductor materials (such as titanium dioxide, bismuth vanadate, and quantum dots) can generate free radicals under light, X-ray, or even ultrasound irradiation for bacterial disinfection ( Karami et al, 2021 ; Du et al, 2022 ; Fan et al, 2022 ). Among these strategies, the photothermal strategy has obvious advantages such as easy access to light sources, high bacterial inactivation efficiency, and low toxic side effects.…”