“…The analytical parameters, are given in Table 4. Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes A comparison of the proposed method, with the other reported preconcentration methods [40][41][42][43][44], for the lead and nickel and cadmium extraction from water samples; are given in Table 5. The obtained detection limits, by the proposed method; are comparable to most of those reported in the literature.…”
Section: Calibration Precision and Detection Limitmentioning
The potential of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (a solid-phase extraction sorbent), for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead, cadmium and nickel; has been investigated. Lead, cadmium and nickel, were adsorbed quantitatively; on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (in the pH range of 2–4). Parameters influencing, the simultaneous preconcentration of Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions (such as pH of the sample, sample and eluent flow rate, type and volume of elution solution and interfering ions), have been examined and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limits of this method. for Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions, were 0.32, 0.17 and 0.04 ng mL−1 in original solution, respectively. Seven replicate determinations, of a mixture of 2.0 μg mL−1 lead and nickel, and 1.0 μg mL−1 cadmium; gave a mean absorbance of 0.074, 0.151 and 0.310, with relative standard deviation 1.7%, 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The method has been applied, to the determination of trace amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel; in biological and water samples, with satisfactory results.
“…The analytical parameters, are given in Table 4. Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes A comparison of the proposed method, with the other reported preconcentration methods [40][41][42][43][44], for the lead and nickel and cadmium extraction from water samples; are given in Table 5. The obtained detection limits, by the proposed method; are comparable to most of those reported in the literature.…”
Section: Calibration Precision and Detection Limitmentioning
The potential of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (a solid-phase extraction sorbent), for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead, cadmium and nickel; has been investigated. Lead, cadmium and nickel, were adsorbed quantitatively; on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (in the pH range of 2–4). Parameters influencing, the simultaneous preconcentration of Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions (such as pH of the sample, sample and eluent flow rate, type and volume of elution solution and interfering ions), have been examined and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limits of this method. for Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions, were 0.32, 0.17 and 0.04 ng mL−1 in original solution, respectively. Seven replicate determinations, of a mixture of 2.0 μg mL−1 lead and nickel, and 1.0 μg mL−1 cadmium; gave a mean absorbance of 0.074, 0.151 and 0.310, with relative standard deviation 1.7%, 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The method has been applied, to the determination of trace amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel; in biological and water samples, with satisfactory results.
“…Each column can be used for at least 10 successive analyses without considerable change in metal ions recovery. The detection limits of analytes are superior to those of preconcentration techniques for analyses [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The good features of the proposed method showed that it's a convenient and low cost one.…”
“…Most SPE stationery phases are based on silica that has been functionalised with side chain groups, for example variablelength hydrocarbons (reversed-phase SPE), quaternary ammonium or amino groups (anion exchange), and sulfonic acid or carboxyl groups (for cation exchange). Other SPE media include chelating resin, alumina, cross-linked polymer, activated carbon, cellulose, and biological adsorbents [21][22][23][24].…”
Section: Extraction Of Heavy Metals Using Cntmentioning
In this mini review, recent trends and challenges in developing carbon nanotube-based extraction and electrochemical detection of heavy metals in water are reviewed. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have electrical, mechanical, chemical, and structural properties superior to those of conventional materials, for example graphite and activated carbon. CNT-based procedures are also more efficient than traditional techniques and methods, for example liquid-liquid extraction, atomicabsorption spectroscopy, flame photometry, and inductively coupled plasma, because they can enable rapid, sensitive, simple, and low-cost on-site detection. Different forms of CNT, including as-grown, oxidised, and functionalised CNT, can be well suited to metal adsorption. The measurement procedure relies on adsorbing the metal on the CNT surface after reasonable contact time, either by applying an electrical potential or under open-circuit conditions, and subsequent quantification. Different types of CNT-based electrode, including composite, paste, and binderfree, can be fabricated and used for metal detection. Application of CNT and their novel properties to the adsorption and detection of heavy metals is discussed in detail.
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