Wood adhesives play a vital role in the adhesive industry, but in the past, many wood composites were manufactured with significant amounts of toxic components and volatile organic compounds, most of which are petroleum derivatives. The use of renewable, protein-rich elements in adhesive production has been discussed significantly as a promising alternative compared to petroleum-based adhesives in the wood industry. Natural proteins are attracting attention as sustainably sourced and formaldehyde-free adhesives due to their minimal environmental footprint. The present review details the current assessment of formaldehyde-free adhesive systems for particulate composites. Of the viable options for protein feedstocks, agricultural proteins, animal byproduct proteins, algae proteins, and biosolid proteins are some of the many sustainable alternatives for the growing adhesive industry. Improved knowledge of protein properties of a multitude of possible feedstocks for adhesive production is needed to relate the adhesive performance before and after wood bondage. The goal of this review is to present possibilities of applying multiple protein alternatives for adhesive production and to determine the effectiveness in terms of strength, water resistivity, and need for cross-linking.