Soybean meal‐induced uptake block in Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar </i>distal enterocytes

Urán, P.A.; Aydın, Rozelin; Schrama, J.W.; Verreth, J.A.J.; Rombout, J.H.W.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02091.x

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The inflammation/enteritis may be similar to a hypersensitivity reaction [33,40]. Often these effects are temporary and quickly disappear when the intestinal tract is no longer exposed to the ANFs [11,33,41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All plants contain a number of anti nutritional factors (ANFs) as part of their inherent defence mechanisms, effected by lectins, saponins, phytic acid and proteinase inhibitors amongst others [8]. In early attempts to use plant proteins in fish diets ANFs were often co purified with the proteins, leading to metabolic dysfunction in fish liver [9], inflammation in the intestine [10,11], reduced protein deposition [12], and an impaired immune response [13]. Currently used plant replacement diets use a combination of different plant proteins, with SPC often the major component [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAquaculture of piscivorous fish is in continual expansion resulting in a global requirement to reduce the dependence on wild caught fish for generation of fishmeal and fish oil. Plant proteins represent a suitable protein alternative to fish meal and are increasingly being used in fish feed. In this study, we examined the transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to a high marine protein (MP) or low fishmeal, higher plant protein replacement diet (PP), formulated to the same nutritional specification within previously determined acceptable maximum levels of individual plant feed materials.ResultsAfter 77 days of feeding the fish in both groups doubled in weight, however neither growth performance, feed efficiency, condition factor nor organ indices were significantly different. Assessment of histopathological changes in the heart, intestine or liver did not reveal any negative effects of the PP diet. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in mid intestine, liver and skeletal muscle, using an Atlantic salmon oligonucleotide microarray (Salar_2, Agilent 4x44K). The dietary comparison revealed large alteration in gene expression in all the tissues studied between fish on the two diets. Gene ontology analysis showed, in the mid intestine of fish fed PP, higher expression of genes involved in enteritis, protein and energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity/kinases and transport, and a lower expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to fish fed MP. The liver of fish fed PP showed a lower expression of immune response genes but a higher expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that may lead to cell reorganization in this tissue. The skeletal muscle of fish fed PP vs MP was characterized by a suppression of processes including immune response, energy and protein metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis which may reflect a more energy efficient tissue.ConclusionsThe PP diet resulted in significant effects on transcription in all the 3 tissues studied. Despite of these alterations, we demonstrated that high level of plant derived proteins in a salmon diet allowed fish to grow with equal efficiency as those on a high marine protein diet, and with no difference in biometric quality parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2012

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“…In the distal intestine, the most obvious and defined pathological change, present in some test fish, was the absence of supranuclear vacuoles. Loss of SNV in the distal intestine of fish has been described in soybean meal (SBM) enteritis and is thought to result from disturbance to the process of endocytosis by components in the diet (Baeverfjord & Krogdahl 1996, Bakke McKellep et al 2007, Urán et al 2008). In the present case, this change may indicate that an inflammatory immune response is occurring (Sahlmann et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental transmission of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

McCarthy

Pettinello²,

Feehan³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Rainbow trout gastroenteritis (RTGE) has been the cause of acute mortality in farmed rainbow trout in Europe since 1992. Epidemiological analysis has indicated a strong association with high production levels and suggested an infectious aetiology. The condition is characterised by the presence of large numbers of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in the intestine, but the role of these in the disease has not been confirmed, in part because the organisms cannot be cultured. Therefore, other approaches need to be developed to investigate the role of SFB in RTGE. Faecal material from clinically affected RTGE trout, either untreated or heat-inactivated, was administered to fish from a susceptible stock, to determine whether the SFB could be transferred artificially and survive in or colonise the new host. Using histology and nested PCR, SFB were detected in the pyloric caeca of fish 23 to 30 d after challenge with untreated faeces. Histological changes in the intestine and the presence of an unidentified Gram-negative coccus were also significantly associated with exposure to untreated faeces. Upregulation of IFN-γ, IL-17A/F and IL-22 gene expression in proximal intestine suggested a low-level immune response to the challenge.

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“…Inflammation of the intestinal tract can be provoked by a variety of factors including, for example, feed [43], infectious agents and chronic stress [44]. The level of infection and the tissue or organ affected can influence the range of histopathological responses initiated to an endoparasitic infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological damage and inflammatory response elicited by Monobothrium wageneri (Cestoda) in the intestine of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae)

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAmong the European cyprinids, tench, Tinca tinca (L.), and the pathological effects their cestodes may effect, have received very little or no attention. Most literature relating to Monobothrium wageneri Nybelin, 1922, a common intestinal cestode of tench, for example, has focused on aspects of its morphology rather than on aspects of the host-parasite interaction.ResultsImmunopathological and ultrastructural studies were conducted on the intestines of 28 tench, collected from Lake Piediluco, of which 16 specimens harboured tight clusters of numerous M. wageneri attached to the intestinal wall. The infection was associated with the degeneration of the mucosal layer and the formation of raised inflammatory swelling surrounding the worms. At the site of infection, the number of granulocytes in the intestine of T. tinca was significantly higher than the number determined 1 cm away from the site of infection or the number found in uninfected fish. Using transmission electron microscopy, mast cells and neutrophils were frequently observed in close proximity to, and inside, the intestinal capillaries; often these cells were in contact with the cestode tegument. At the host-parasite interface, no secretion from the parasite's tegument was observed. Intense degranulation of the mast cells was seen within the submucosa and lamina muscularis, most noticeably at sites close to the tegument of the scolex. In some instances, rodlet cells were encountered in the submucosa. In histological sections, hyperplasia of the mucous cells, notably those giving an alcian blue positive reaction, were evident in the intestinal tissues close to the swelling surrounding the worms. Enhanced mucus secretion was recorded in the intestines of infected tench.ConclusionsThe pathological changes and the inflammatory cellular response induced by the caryophyllidean monozoic tapeworm M. wageneri within the intestinal tract of an Italian population of wild tench is reported for the first time.

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Soybean meal‐induced uptake block in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar distal enterocytes

Abstract: Soybean meal-induced enteritis was characterized by the disappearance of the supranuclear vacuoles (SNV) in the enterocytes of the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. The loss of SNV was correlated with an endocytosis uptake block as shown with ferritin as a marker molecule.

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Experimental transmission of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Histological damage and inflammatory response elicited by Monobothrium wageneri (Cestoda) in the intestine of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae)

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