Soybean meal as a source of protein in formulated diets for tiger grouper, <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i> juvenile. Part II: Improving diet performances

Abstract

The present study was conducted as a continuation of our previous study on the effects of fish meal replacement with soy bean meal, SBM in the diets of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus which revealed the possible level of fish meal protein replacement of 30% with positive effect of phytase supplementation in one of the test diet. In the present study, all experimental diets with SBM inclusion (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% replacement levels) were supplemented with phytase and fed to juvenile tiger grouper with initial body weight of 44.57 ± 0.28 g for eight weeks. Apart from the effects on growth performance, diet utilization and fish whole-body composition, apparent digestibility coefficient of diets was also measured. Similar findings to our previous experiment were observed in the present study. Diet SM40P (40% replacement level) had produced the poorest growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, it was observed that FCR of SM40P was improved when compared to SM40 (without phytase) in our previous experiment. Other than that, SBMbased diets were performed as good as the control diet in terms of growth, feed utilization and survival rate. Replacement of fish meal did not significantly influence body composition, except for whole body lipid content in SM40P. In general, dry matter and protein apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the test diets were influenced by SBM inclusion in the diets. However, crude lipid ADC was very high in all dietary treatments indicating efficient utilization of dietary lipid by juvenile tiger grouper. The findings of the present study confirmed that SBM can be used to replace FM at a level of up to 30% and supplementation of phytase in SBMbased diets is recommended to improve the diet performance.

The Utilization of Soybean Meal in Formulated Diet for Marble Goby, Oxyeleotris marmoratus

“…A study on red sea bream (Pagrus major) showed that the supplementation of 2000 FTU/kg phytase in the soybean meal-based diet showed a significant improvement in the weight gained of fish from 585.3% to 736.2%, feed conversion efficiency from 75.1% to 82.3% compared to fish fed diet without supplementation of phytase (Biswas et al, 2007) and also fulfilled its dietary phosphorus requirement (Laining et al, 2011). Other similar studies were also reported in Nile tilapia fingerlings (Tahoun et al, 2009), rainbow trout juvenile (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Yang et al, 2010;Castro et al, 2011), gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) (Liu et al, 2011) and tiger grouper (Shapawi et al, 2013b). Besides, higher phytase supplementation of 4000 FTU/kg allowed the use of soybean meal up to 75% in the diet of rainbow trout juvenile with better growth performance and lower nitrogen excretion (Castro et al, 2011).…”

“…Many studies had demonstrated the benefits of phytase supplementation in soybean meal-based diet to increase the bioavailability of protein and mineral for better feed efficiency and growth of fish (Biswas et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2010;Laining et al, 2011;Shapawi et al, 2013b). A study on red sea bream (Pagrus major) showed that the supplementation of 2000 FTU/kg phytase in the soybean meal-based diet showed a significant improvement in the weight gained of fish from 585.3% to 736.2%, feed conversion efficiency from 75.1% to 82.3% compared to fish fed diet without supplementation of phytase (Biswas et al, 2007) and also fulfilled its dietary phosphorus requirement (Laining et al, 2011).…”

Mineral Status of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Juveniles Fed an Acidified Phytase Pre-treated Soybean Meal Based Diet

“…Similar observations were made by Debnath et al (2005) who reported improved (p<0.05) crude protein content in Pangasius pangasius. Shapawi et al (2013) also reported significantly improved whole body protein contents in tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) by the supplementation of 2000 FTU/kg PHY. Contrary to our results, dietary PHY supplementation was not reported to cause any marked improvement in body CP content in rainbow trout (Vielma et al, 1999), Red sea bream (Biswas et al, 2007) and rohu (Xavier et al, 2012).…”

“…Which increased its market value, as the fish with less fat contents is tastiest and have high protein contents. In a recent study, Shapawi et al (2013) reported significantly lowered lipid content in tiger grouper having PHY treated diet. Likewise, decreased EE was noticed in P. pangasius and common carp (Rocha et al, 2010) while feeding with PHY treated diets Similarly Pezzato et al (2006) and Furuya et al (2008) reported reduced fat contents in the carcass of Nile tilapia with PHY supplementation.…”

Green Water Meal as Protein and Carotenoid Sources in Grow-out Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The poorer GWM utilization compare to the previous study might due to lower digestibility by the less developed digestive system of the smaller juvenile shrimp. Furthermore, larger sizes of organisms were reported to better utilize the plant protein source (Shapawi et al 2013).…”