Soybean and Flax Selection Methods

Abstract

To improve the effectiveness of the soybeans and oil flax breeding, research to improve existing and develop new breeding methods are conducting in all-Russia Research institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar). One of the improved methods for the soybean breeding, based on the use of sources of complexes of compensatory genes, is the CCG technology, which allows to create varieties with an increased yield of a heterotic level transmitted along the progeny for the entire life cycle of the variety. For the purpose of non-transgenic production of new traits, a theory of polyploid recombination of the genome (TPR) was formulated, which models the mechanism of the natural formation of polymorphism in the centers of origin of cultivated plants. On the basis of this theory, a method of breeding (TPR-technology) has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain recombinant reploids of soybeans and oil flax with an extended spectrum of traits. Of these reploids, the soybean lines with increased sucking force of the roots, providing high drought resistance, were distinguished; cold-resistant soybean lines, which stand in the phase of shoots of freezing to minus 5 °С; lines of oil flax with complete resistance to flax sickness of soil and high resistance to Fusarium; winter-hardy flax lines that withstand winter frosts down to minus 20–23 °С and ripen one and a half months earlier than spring sowings. Another original developed method is the ODCS-technology for isolating and selecting soybean genotypes with high resistance to fungal pathogens. The physiological basis of ODCS-technology is the blocking of osmotic nutrition of pathogenic fungi due to genetically determined increased osmotic pressure in the tissues of host plants. The practical implementation of CCG-, TPR- and ODKS-technologies in the selection process, allowed to create a whole series of soybean and oil flax varieties with improved or new traits.

Very tall, middle maturing soybean cultivar Mamont

“…Due to its tall growth and high positive response to additional moisture supply, it is suitable for cultivation in the southern foothill and central zones of the Krasnodar region and on irrigated plot throughout the North Мировая практика показывает, что задачи селекции культурных растений, особенно самоопыляющихся видов, на их улучшение по количественным хозяйственно ценным признакам, кодируемым комплексами неаллельных генов, являются наиболее сложными. Несмотря на наличие современных молекулярнобиологических методов, современная практическая селекция сои продолжает активно использовать небиотехнологические методы классической селекции, позволяющие эффективно работать с полигенными признаками [1]. Это в полной мере относится к направлениям селекции сои на повышение продуктивности, крупности и биохимического состава семян, оптимизации габитуса куста и т.п.…”

Productivity of oil flax varieties in the conditions of northern forest steppe of Tyumen region

“…In the process of creating new varieties of flax, sources of resistance to diseases, low acidity of soils, varieties with a high oil content of seeds have been identified [6][7][8]. Lines of oil flax have been created with resistance to flax fatigue and high resistance to fusarium [9]. Possibilities of optimization of fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil are investigated [10][11][12].…”