SOX5 predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and promotes tumor metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes lung cancer progression and metastasis, especially in lung adenocarcinoma. Sex determining region Y-box protein 5 (SOX5) is known to stimulate the progression of various cancers. Here, we used immunohistochemical analysis to reveal that SOX5 levels were increased in 90 lung adenocarcinoma patients. The high SOX5 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and non-tumor counterparts correlated with the patients’ poor prognosis. Inhibiting SOX5 expression attenuated metastasis and progression in lung cancer cells, while over-expressing SOX5 accelerated lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis via EMT. An in vivo zebrafish xenograft cancer model also showed SOX5 knockdown was followed by reduced lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Our results indicate SOX5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenicity and can be a novel diagnosis and prognosis marker of the disease.

SOX5 induces lung adenocarcinoma angiogenesis by inducing the expression of VEGF through STAT3 signaling

“…SOX5 significantly promotes LAC cells metastasis in a previous study. 17 The formation of new blood vessels is a key step in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors and is also a necessary prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. 19 Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether SOX5 contributed to angiogenesis in LAC.…”

“…The cells were harvested and lysed as previously described. 17 Protein lysates were quantified using the BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein extracts were mixed with Laemmli loading buffer and incubated at 99°C for 10 minutes.…”

“…Lentivirus packaging and infection methods followed the assay as previously published. 17 The knockdown or overexpression efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis.…”

“…We also found that SOX5 promotes LAC cell proliferation and metastasis, but the mechanism was still unclear. 17 …”

Prognostic and diagnostic significance of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma

“…Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, which comprises more than 40% of lung cancers [1][2][3]. Surgical resection is the main treatment method for adenocarcinoma patients; however, patients' survival is still poor [4][5][6]. The overall survival rate of patients with lung adenocarcinoma is 13-58.3% [7].…”