Soviet Robots in the Solar System

Wesley, T.Huntress; Marov, Mikhail Ya.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7898-1

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…228 In the 1980s, the Russian Vega spacecraft used the Malakhit mass spectrometer for aerosol analysis while investigating Venus and Halley’s Comet. 229 Also launched in the 1980s, the Galileo atmospheric entry probe had a quadrupole mass spectrometer using direct leak sample introduction for determining the composition of Jupiter’s atmosphere. 230 The spectrometer aboard was built to measure mixing ratios (concentrations) of gaseous species as well as to perform isotopic analysis.…”

Section: Planetary and Space Science Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass analyzer was a Nier-Johnson double focusing instrument weighing 20 kg and consuming 140 W of power . In the 1980s, the Russian Vega spacecraft used the Malakhit mass spectrometer for aerosol analysis while investigating Venus and Halley’s Comet . Also launched in the 1980s, the Galileo atmospheric entry probe had a quadrupole mass spectrometer using direct leak sample introduction for determining the composition of Jupiter’s atmosphere .…”

Section: Planetary and Space Science Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniature and Fieldable Mass Spectrometers: Recent Advances

et al. 2015

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Section: Planetary and Space Science Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planetary and Space Science Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature and Fieldable Mass Spectrometers: Recent Advances

et al. 2015

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“…Rubber-ring seal structures are formed by extruding rubber to create the seal. For example, the Soviet Union's lunar probes Luna 16 [1][2][3], Luna 20 [4], and Luna 24 [5], as well as Japan's asteroid probe Hayabusa I [6,7], employed a single O-type rubber seal and double Viton O-ring seals. The sampling and sealing methods employed by Luna-16, Luna-20, and Luna-24 are essentially identical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Automatic Sealing Mechanism for Extraterrestrial Sample-Collecting Robot

Mu,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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Returning extraterrestrial samples to Earth for analysis is crucial for planetary geological research and resource utilization. However, during their return journey, these samples undergo significant environmental changes, such as varying pressure, temperature, impact, and vibration. Hence, a dependable sealing technique that preserves sample integrity without requiring high-powered tools is necessary. This article aims to develop an automatic sealing system for collecting extraterrestrial samples, conducting parametric design and mechanical analysis on two types of proposed sealing structures with minimal sealing force as the benchmark. Additionally, the system will undergo validation through sealing and leakage detection experiments. An automated sealing system, capable of storing samples in multiple sampling tubes, is assembled for the extraterrestrial sampling device.

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“…Radio contact with the rover was lost a day later (11 72 May), due to overheating of the vehicle body (Dovgan, 2015). The mission was officially 73 terminated 3 June 1973 (Huntress and Marov, 2011). High-resolution images obtained by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) 80…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartography of the Luna-21 landing site and Lunokhod-2 traverse area based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and surface archive TV-panoramas

Karachevtseva

Козлова

Kokhanov

et al. 2017

Icarus

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) system consists of a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). NAC images (~0.5-1.7 m/pixel) reveal details of the Luna-21 landing site and Lunokhod-2 traverse area. We derived a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and an orthomosaic for the study region using photogrammetric stereo processing techniques with NAC images. The DEM and mosaic allowed us to analyze the topography and morphology of the landing site area and to map the Lunokhod-2 rover route. The total range of topographic elevation along the traverse was found to be less than 144 m; and the rover encountered slopes of up to 20 degrees. With the orthomosaic tied to the lunar reference frame, derived coordinates of the Lunokhod-2 landing module, its final position and overnight stop points. We identified the exact rover route by following its tracks and determined its total length as 39.16 km, more than was estimated during the mission (37 km), which until recently was a distance record for planetary robotic rovers held for more than 40 years. 126Lunokhod-2 moved at two distinct speeds: 0.8 km/hour and 2.0 km/hour (Kemurdzhian et 127 al., 1993). Turning of the vehicle was achieved by varying the rotation of the wheel on the right 128 and left sides, respectively, and by changing the direction of their rotation. The turning radius of 129 the rover in motion was typically 3 m with wheels turning at different speeds (Kemurdzhian et 130 al., 1993). However, the rover could also turn in place (with its left and right wheels turning in 131 opposite directions) within a radius of 0.8 m. Areas where the rover turned in place can be seen 132 readily in the NAC images. 133

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Soviet Robots in the Solar System

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Miniature and Fieldable Mass Spectrometers: Recent Advances

Miniature and Fieldable Mass Spectrometers: Recent Advances

Design of an Automatic Sealing Mechanism for Extraterrestrial Sample-Collecting Robot

Cartography of the Luna-21 landing site and Lunokhod-2 traverse area based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and surface archive TV-panoramas

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