“…Traditionally, political explanations of East Asian welfare state development often draw upon the power resource model (Choe and Kim, 2012; Kim and Shi, 2019; Ku, 2007; Peng, 2011; Yon, 2007), which views social policy expansion as the outcome of vibrant coalitions between the leftist party, interest groups, civil society and working-class unions in controlling public policy (Korpi, 1983; Myles and Quadagno, 2002; Olsen and O'Connor, 1998). Although in some instances power resource's assumption is acceptable, as found in the experience in South Korea, where the working-class coalition and civil society alliance through the tripartite commission formed by the government contributed to reforming the Korean welfare system during the 1997–1998 economic crisis (Kim and Shi, 2019; Lee and Kim, 2019; Vincent, 2017).…”