South Indian medicinal plants can combat deadly viruses along with COVID-19? - A review

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a causative agent of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is considered as a fatal disease for public health apprehension worldwide. This pathogenic virus can present everywhere. As it is a virus it can extend easily and cause severe illness to humans. Hence, an efficient international attentiveness of plan is necessary to cure and prevent. In this review, epidemic outbreak, clinical findings, prevention recommendations of COVID-19 and suggestive medicinal value of south Indian plant sources have been discussed. Though the varieties of improved approaches have been taken in scientific and medicinal concern, we have to pay attention to the medicinal value of the plant-based sources to prevent these types of pandemic diseases. This is one of the suggestive and effective ways to control the spreading of viruses. In the future, it is required to provide medicinal plant-based clinical products (Masks, sanitizers, soap, etc.,) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature-based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This may be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases in the future.

Immunotherapies and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials - a mini review

“…125,126 Various phytochemicals/phytocompounds present in medicinal herbs have shown proven immunomodulatory and antiviral potentials, and are presently being exploited for their prophylactic and therapeutic values in management of COVID-19 patients. 4,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135] These include Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng, Ashwagandha), [136][137][138] Curcuma longa (curcuma/turmeric), 130,138 Allium sativum (garlic), 132 Camellia sinensis (green tea), 139 Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), 130,133,140 Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi), 141 and others. 4,131,135 Some of the active constituents include phenolics, 139 flavonoids, 142 alkaloids, 143 saponins and steroids 144 and many more.…”

“…4,131,135 Some of the active constituents include phenolics, 139 flavonoids, 142 alkaloids, 143 saponins and steroids 144 and many more. 135 Glycyrrhizin, 145 glycyrrhizic acid, 130 catechin and curcumin 146 are some of the important active principles in few medicinal plants (Licorice, turmeric) believed to be effective against SARS-CoV-2. They may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nonstructural protein-15, 147 can target RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 148 protease enzymes like 3CL pro,149 Mpro 146,150 or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), 146,150 inhibit viral entry and replication 136,142 or can modulate immune and inflammatory response.…”

“…They may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nonstructural protein-15, 147 can target RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 148 protease enzymes like 3CL pro,149 Mpro 146,150 or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), 146,150 inhibit viral entry and replication 136,142 or can modulate immune and inflammatory response. 130 Some herbs have shown suppressive effects on NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1b and are likely having inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 as well, however need exhaustive evaluation. 4 In combination, vitamin C, curcumin, and glycyrrhizic acid are proposed to regulate immune and inflammatory response against SARS-CoV-2.…”

Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Deubiquitinating Activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease: in silico Molecular Docking Studies and in vitro Enzymatic Activity Assay

“…There is a growing body of literature on the antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plant-based compounds, and their potential use as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 (Tiwari et al, 2018 ; Panyod et al, 2020 ; Tahir Ul Qamar et al, 2020 ). This includes traditional Chinese and traditional Indian medicinal compounds, vitamins, curcumin, glycyrrhizic acid, tea polyphenols and compounds derived from Allium sativum to name a few (Chen et al, 2020 ; Divya et al, 2020 ; Donma and Donma, 2020 ; Tripathi et al, 2020 ). Enhancing the bioavailability of natural compounds continues to be a challenge however, their structures can be used as scaffolds for the development of novel drugs (Ngwa et al, 2020 ).…”

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“…There is a growing body of literature on the antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plant-based compounds, and their potential use as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 (Tiwari et al, 2018;Panyod et al, 2020;Tahir Ul Qamar et al, 2020). This includes traditional Chinese and traditional Indian medicinal compounds, vitamins, curcumin, glycyrrhizic acid, tea polyphenols and compounds derived from Allium sativum to name a few (Chen et al, 2020;Divya et al, 2020;Donma and Donma, 2020;Tripathi et al, 2020). Enhancing the bioavailability of natural compounds continues to be a challenge however, their structures can be used as scaffolds for the development of novel drugs (Ngwa et al, 2020).…”