Sourcing knowledge: R&amp;D outsourcing in UK pharmaceuticals

Howells, Jeremy; Gagliardi, Dimitri; Malik, Khaleel

doi:10.1504/ijtm.2012.047253

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The main difficulty for the outsourcer is to define its core business to allow the delegation of R&D efforts within peripheral knowledge fields to external parties (Ayerbe et al , 2014), also constraining future learning and action, with core capabilities turning into core rigidities (Gadde, 2014). In addition, IP rights resulting from outsourced activities may be difficult to allocate (Andries and Thorwarth, 2014), with a high moral hazard danger that is caused by strong information asymmetries between suppliers and outsourcers (Howells et al , 2012).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open innovation and intellectual property: a knowledge-based approach

Cammarano

Caputo

Michelino

2017

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a patent-based framework for investigating the effect of previous and current open innovation (OI) adoption on firms’ knowledge management strategies and type of innovation output. Design/methodology/approach Patent data are employed for gauging innovation practices, exploitation vs exploration strategies, specialization vs diversification choices and type of innovation. The study is performed on a sample of 1,280 patents granted to 66 top R&D spending bio-pharmaceutical companies. The year of analysis is 2010. Findings The previous recourse to specific innovation practices influences the current practice selection. R&D collaboration, outsourcing and mergers and acquisitions are employed to pursue exploration. Past purchase of patents increases the likelihood to achieve architectural and radical innovation in current activities. Research limitations/implications The work recommends the use of patent data to gauge many key elements for knowledge and innovation management. Results exhort scholars to investigate innovation practices at the knowledge domain level in order to detect specific behaviors. Practical implications The study provides a methodology for supporting decision-makers in assessing firms’ OI adoption, also performing the benchmark with competitors and R&D partners. Given the high computational effort required for applying the methodology, the authors are planning to give access to the software specifically developed for this study. Originality/value The work contributes to the current debate considering the effect of a combination of innovation practices on knowledge management strategies and type of innovation output, with a particular focus on OI activities. Moreover, the separation between the impact of previous and current innovation practices provides useful insights.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open innovation and intellectual property: a knowledge-based approach

Cammarano

Caputo

Michelino

2017

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“…With these exceptions, however, many of the previous work find the complementary relationship between internal R&D and R&D outsourcing (e.g., Veugelers, 1997; Mol, 2005; Cassiman and Veugelers, 2006; Rothaermel and Hess, 2007; Lokshin et al, 2008; Schmiedeberg, 2008; Grimpe and Kaiser, 2010; Howells et al, 2012; Un, 2017). The key proposed mechanism is absorptive capacity (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990); firms can build absorptive capacity by investing in R&D internally, which provides further incentives to explore external knowledge that can potentially be combined (Spithoven and Teirlinck, 2015; Un, 2017).…”

Section: Previous Literature and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who explores further? Evidence on R&D outsourcing from the survey of research and development

et al. 2020

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Building off the resource‐based view and the knowledge‐based view, our study aims to examine determinants of firms’ R&D outsourcing, using annually‐conducted firm‐level survey data of Japanese R&D companies from 1984–2012. This survey allows us to measure strategic R&D outsourcing, isolated from those more for cost‐reducing, such as prototyping, testing and inspecting. The results corroborate the argument of complementarity in scale between internal R&D and R&D outsourcing. We also find that firms employing more doctorate holders and diversifying in knowledge spaces tend to make more use of R&D outsourcing. This study sheds light on firms’ absorptive capacity, associated both with higher‐order R&D human capital and diversified knowledge spaces, as determinants of R&D outsourcing.

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“…There is evidence that investments in structured processes and corresponding process-based learning activities can help overcome the inherent difficulties of work dispersion (RAMASUBBU, MITHAS, KRISHNAN, KEMERER;. Along those same lines, strategies are proposed to facilitate coordination between onshore and offshore teams, such as procedural coordination, careful specification and partitioned tasks, as well as implementing mechanisms to overcome communication gaps (ANDERSSON, PEDERSEN;ARON, JAYANTY, PATHAK;HOLZWEBER, MATTSSON, CHADEE, RAMAN;2011;HOWELLS, GAGLIARDI, MALIK;MANI, SRIKANTH, BHARADWAJ;MIRANI, 2007).…”

Section: Distributed Teamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suprimento global de serviços de conhecimento e inovação: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

2015

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Global sourcing of knowledge services and innovation (GSKSI) has been the subject of several studies in a wide range of areas, including strategy and international management, economic geography, organizational behavior, operations management, among others. The objectives of this paper are twofold: a) to produce a summary of GSKSI studies and b) provide a research agenda for GSKSI. We conducted a systematic review of the academic literature and found that, in addition to essays, reports and theoretical papers, empirical studies on GSKSI are distributed into four main categories: strategic and international management; technology and innovation management; labor, organizational behavior and human resources; and operations management. Our paper contributes in two unique ways: by providing a quantitative analysis of the literature and a qualitative assessment of the results of previous studies.

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Sourcing knowledge: R&D outsourcing in UK pharmaceuticals

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Open innovation and intellectual property: a knowledge-based approach

Open innovation and intellectual property: a knowledge-based approach

Who explores further? Evidence on R&D outsourcing from the survey of research and development

Suprimento global de serviços de conhecimento e inovação: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

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