Sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in primary schools

Amato, Fúlvio; Rivas, Ioar; Viana, Mar; Moreno, Teresa; Bouso, Laura; Reche, Cristina; Álvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Alastuey, Andrés; Sunyer, Jordi; Querol, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.051

Cited by 157 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The regression analysis showed Pearson's coefficient in the range 0.80-0.94. Amato et al (2014) [35] reported a significant contribution of children activity on particle mass (up to 50%) inside school buildings; however, in our case, the role of children's movements could have been mitigated by the position of the sampling devices, located in the corridors.…”

Section: Mass Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…This could be due to a limited contribution of secondary organic aerosol to indoor PM in the examined environment [40,41]; in fact, indoor secondary organic aerosol is generally attributed to cooking activities and to the use of cleaning products, activities that are more specific of homes [42,43]. In addition, according to the fact that indoor samplings were performed in the corridors, the collected particles were only partially influenced by primary organic contribution (textile fibers, skin flakes, hairs, other organic fragments) due to the presence of children [35].…”

Section: Chemical Composition-winter Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spring/summer outdoor OC was practically identical at all sites (3.3 μg/m exceeded outdoor concentration at IDR and IVI, indicating a clear role of the presence of children and school personnel. This contribution, probably of primary origin and due to re-suspension of settled dust, textile fibers, skin flakes and other biological organic fragments [35], was more evident during the spring/summer campaign, when outdoor OC was lower than during the winter (daily concentrations were in the range 1.7-5.0 μg/m 3 during the spring/summer and 3.5-28 μg/m 3 during the winter) and thus a lower contribution from outdoor particles is expected. Table 2.…”

Section: Chemical Composition-spring/summer Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Three Schools in the City of Rome

Tofful

Perrino

2015

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In Italy, children spend up to 30% of their time in school institutions; for this reason, the evaluation of indoor air quality in schools constitutes a necessary step forward in the direction of child health protection. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected simultaneously indoor and outdoor in three primary schools in Rome. Seasonal variations between winter and spring/summer were evaluated, as well as the role of the main macro-sources of PM (soil, sea, traffic, secondary inorganics and organics). During winter periods, characterized by strong atmospheric stability, the main contributors were organics and combustion products, which accounted for more than 70% of the total mass both indoor and outdoor. Spring/summer period was characterized by very low outdoor concentrations (12 μg/m 3 on average) and by a more balanced contribution of organic, traffic and secondary inorganic components. Indoor, the contribution of soil-related species from re-suspension of settled dust and secondary inorganic species from outdoor photochemical reactions became significant. Given that several indoor exceedances of the international air quality standards for PM2.5 were recorded during the most polluted days, the infiltration of outdoor air, due to the inadequate construction characteristics of the buildings and the absence of automated air filtration systems, seemed to be the main causes of the high PM concentrations measured indoor.

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Section: Mass Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Chemical Composition-winter Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition-spring/summer Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Three Schools in the City of Rome

Tofful

Perrino

2015

Atmosphere

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“…Salma et al (2013) estimated that writing and wiping on a chalk board was the activity that produced larger concentrations of particulate matter in a classroom. Particles released from human activities involving chalk boards tend to be of larger sizes, such as PM10 and PM2.5 (Amato et al 2014). However, there may be some possible contribution from chalk boards to in-door UFP concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments

Rufo

Madureira

Paciência

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Extended exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) may lead to consequences in children due to their increased susceptibility when compared to older individuals. Since children spend in average 8 h/day in primary schools, assessing the number concentrations of UFPs in these institutions is important in order to evaluate the health risk for children in primary schools caused by indoor air pollution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess and determine the sources of indoor UFP number concentrations in urban and rural Portuguese primary schools. Indoor and outdoor ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentrations were measured in six urban schools (US) and two rural schools (RS) located in the north of Portugal, during the heating season. The mean number concentrations of indoor UFPs were significantly higher in urban schools than in rural ones (10.4 × 10 3 and 5.7 × 10 3 pt/cm 3 , respectively). Higher UFP levels were associated with higher squared meters per student, floor levels closer to the ground, chalk boards, furniture or floor covering materials made of wood and windows with double-glazing. Indoor number concentrations of ultrafine-particles were inversely correlated with indoor CO2 levels. In the present work, indoor and out-door concentrations of UFPs in public primary schools located in urban and rural areas were assessed, and the main sources were identified for each environment. The results not only showed that UFP pollution is present in augmented concentrations in US when compared to RS but also revealed some classroom/school characteristics that influence the concentrations of UFPs in primary schools.2

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“…With the development of society and economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the function room is not only a shelter, more important is to provide a good working and learning environment, and the elegant and comfortable rest of humanity. A large number of surveys show that the amount of fresh air inhaled per person per day is 10 ~ 12m 3 , while the average 80% ~ 90% of the time is spent indoors [1]. Thus, indoor environment has an important impact on human health and work efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Influence of Building Materials on Indoor Pollutants and Pollution Sources

Wang

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. The paper summarizes the achievements and problems of indoor air quality research at home and abroad. The pollutants and pollution sources in the room are analyzed systematically. The types of building materials and pollutants are also discussed. The physical and chemical properties and health effects of main pollutants were analyzed and studied. According to the principle of mass balance, the basic mathematical model of indoor air quality is established. Considering the release rate of pollutants and indoor ventilation, a mathematical model for predicting the concentration of indoor air pollutants is derived. The model can be used to analyze and describe the variation of pollutant concentration in indoor air, and to predict and calculate the concentration of pollutants in indoor air at a certain time. The results show that the mathematical model established in this study can be used to analyze and predict the variation law of pollutant concentration in indoor air. The evaluation model can be used to evaluate the impact of indoor air quality and evaluation of current situation. Especially in the process of building and interior decoration, through preevaluation, it can provide reliable design parameters for selecting building materials and determining ventilation volume.

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Sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in primary schools

Cited by 157 publications

References 32 publications

Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Three Schools in the City of Rome

Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Three Schools in the City of Rome

Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments

Study on the Influence of Building Materials on Indoor Pollutants and Pollution Sources

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