Sources of Coastal Water Pollution near Sevastopol

Gruzinov, V. M.; Dyakov, Nikolay; Mezenceva, I. V.; Malchenko, Yu. A.; Zhohova, N. V.; Коршенко, А. Н.

doi:10.1134/s0001437019040076

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Along with traditional toxicants discharged into the sea (oil, heavy metals, various kinds of technogenic products), various kinds of artificial polymers enter the marine environment. As a result of the joint action of temperature and the growing water pollution in recent years [20], significant changes have occurred in the phytoplankton of the studied areas of the Black Sea and among the diatoms that generate the main phytoplankton biomass in the studied area; there is not a single species that would cause a weak water bloom. At the end of the last century, however, and at the beginning of the current one, the smallest diatom species of the genus Chaetoceros with a cell volume of 150-200 µm 3 regularly caused weak water bloom in late spring or early summer as well as in autumn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)

Stelmakh

Ковригина

2021

Water

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In the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol, a gradual temperature elevation and an increase in anthropogenic pressure since the early 2000s have caused significant structural and functional changes in phytoplankton. Currently, there is a significant decrease in the contribution of small diatom species (Skeletonema sp. and Chaetoceros socialis H.S.Lauder as well as coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W.W.Hay and H.P.Mohler) to the total phytoplankton biomass in these waters. Previously these species caused regular weak blooms. In the warm periods (from May to October), during which the main phytoplankton biomass is formed, large diatom species Pseudosolenia calcar-avis (Schultze) B.G.Sundström, 1986, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström and dinoflagellates predominate. Therefore, the maximum values of the phytoplankton community’s specific growth rate are about two times lower than in the preceding periods and do not exceed 1.10–1.40 day−1. There was also a decrease observed in the microzooplankton grazing rate, which, during the year, was no higher than 0.70–1.20 day−1. This is primarily conditioned by the increased role of large algae in phytoplankton, which means a decline in nutrition quality for microzooplankton. As a result of the joint influence of nutrition quality and water pollution, the relative share of net primary production consumed by microzooplankton in the warm periods of the year averaged only 32%, which is two times lower than the average values generally accepted for marine ecosystems. This means that the transfer of matter and energy from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels is significantly decreased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)

Stelmakh

Ковригина

2021

Water

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“…2c). The high Pb concentration in this water area was apparently due to the shipbreaking plant activity and the in ow of the Chernaya River that can transport large amounts of Pb (Gruzinov et al 2019). Thus, the results obtained support the idea that M. galloprovincialis byssus is an excellent indicator of the seawater pollution with lead.…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The innermost part of Sevastopol Bay (Station 3) is a typical estuary, with the Chernaya River, a major source of heavy metals (Gruzinov et al 2019), owing into this area. Close to this sampling site, there are a shipbreaking plant and a city power plant, which are the additional sources of heavy metal pollution.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mussel sampling sites under study (Fig. 1) are affected by numerous discharges, including untreated domestic wastewater, shipyard and dock e uents, storm water outlets, urban industrial emissions, farmland runoff (containing fertilizers and pesticides), and sewage of eet stationed in city bays (Gruzinov et al 2019;Smirnova and Riabinin, 2013). As mentioned in Materials and Methods, seawater at Station 3 is more heavily polluted than at Station 1, which accounts for the higher trace element concentrations at Station 3 (Table 1).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace elements in the detoxifying and accumulating body parts of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819 (Crimea, Black Sea): human health risks and effect of the sampling site location

Chelyadina

Kapranov

Popov

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The mussel M. galloprovincialis is one of the most popular species in world's mariculture and environment pollution bioindicators. Although this mollusk was in a focus of numerous publications, the detoxifying and accumulating role of some of its body parts was insu ciently studied. In the present work, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the distribution of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb in soft tissues, byssus, and shell liquor of this bivalve was studied for the rst time as a function of sampling location in the Black Sea off southwestern Crimea. Multivariate analysis showed signi cant differences in the overall distribution of the elements among the body parts and sampling sites under consideration. Human health risks from the consumption of this mollusk were shown to be unlikely. Byssus of M. galloprovincialis was characterized as an ideal indicator of marine environment pollution with Ni, Cu, Pb, Сo, and Cr as it contained the highest contents of these elements among the body parts under study (Ni up to 91%, Cu and Pb up to 79%). For the rst time, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the shell liquor and its role as the trace element excretion system was demonstrated. In the shell liquor, the largest share among the body parts was that of Hg (up to 71%). In soft tissues, Zn, Cd and As were in largest proportions among the body parts (63, 62, and 54%, respectively). The trace element contents in soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > Co > Hg.

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“…However, it was included in the list of unprotected areas in our study, since the Karan'skiy Sanctuary had not yet been created by the date of sampling. The CAC near Tauric Chersonesos NM is located in the residential zone close to the Sevastopol Bay and is characterised by a high level of recreational load (Milchakova et al, 2015), over 500 000 m 3 /year of untreated wastewater flows into the adjacent water area (Gruzinov et al, 2019). The CAC near Cape Fiolent NM is located far from the wastewater outlets, but sand was previously mined near its borders (Boltachev et al, 2012).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Protected Areas influence populations of the threatened red alga Phyllophora crispa along the southwestern coast of Crimea (the Black Sea)?

Alexandrov¹,

Milchakova²

2022

Nat. Conserv. Res.

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The perennial sciaphilous alga Phyllophora crispa (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) belongs to the main community-forming species of the Black Sea but due to the catastrophic degradation of its populations, it has been listed as an endangered species in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Phyllophora crispa off the southwestern coast of Crimea is preserved within six Protected Areas (PAs) established between 1972 and 2017, which include the narrow 300-m-wide strips of coastal waters ranging from 0.0597 km2 to 0.208 km2 in area. Despite a long existence, the degeneration of P. crispa assemblages has been shown in some of them that may indicate inefficient measures aimed at conserving bottom communities in Marine PAs (MPAs) and the need to optimise the regional PA network. Therefore, this study addresses assessing the effectiveness of the preservation of P. crispa in MPAs along the southwestern coast of Crimea, and it aims at two main objectives: to compare the status of P. crispa populations in the study area at present and before the MPA establishment, and to assess their current state in the marine protected and unprotected areas. In 2015–2020, the density, biomass, weight and length of P. crispa thalli were determined in five MPAs ranged in age 33–48 years of protection and in 16 unprotected water areas, at depths from 0.5 m to 20 m. A comparison of the obtained and published data for the 5 m to 20 m depth range showed that from 1964–1967 until 2015–2020, the P. crispa biomass in the study area decreased on average 2.7-fold, the density 1.5-fold and the thallus weight 2.0-fold. Evaluating the decline of the populations of P. crispa along the depth range of 5–15 m showed that it was most pronounced at a 15-m depth, being statistically significant in biomass and thallus weight. At the same time, an analysis of variance showed no effect of protection on the between-year change in P. crispa population parameters. In addition, in 2015–2020, there was no statistically significant difference in the average biomass and density of this species inside and outside the MPAs. The average weight and length of thalli did not differ due to protection either, except for a depth of 10 m where values of these parameters were, respectively, 3.3 times and 1.4 times higher inside than outside MPAs. One explanation for the non-significant MPA effect on the state of populations of P. crispa could be a lack of statistical power in our study. Another one was the small area and low width of MPAs, which makes the seaweed communities vulnerable to negative impacts near the MPA borders. To improve the effectiveness of the conservation of P. crispa in the southwestern Crimea, it was recommended to increase the MPA coverage, create buffer zones around MPAs and take measures resulting in environmental improvement throughout the region.

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Sources of Coastal Water Pollution near Sevastopol

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)

Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)

Trace elements in the detoxifying and accumulating body parts of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819 (Crimea, Black Sea): human health risks and effect of the sampling site location

Do Protected Areas influence populations of the threatened red alga Phyllophora crispa along the southwestern coast of Crimea (the Black Sea)?

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