Sources of chemical species in rainwater during monsoon and non-monsoonal periods over two mega cities in India and dominant source region of secondary aerosols

Rao, P. S. P.; Tiwari, Suresh; Matwale, J. L.; Pervez, Shamsh; Tunved, Peter; Safai, P.D.; Srivastava, Atul; Bisht, D. S.; Singh, Sachchidanand; Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.069

Cited by 111 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Al also had strong correlations with Li, Mg, K, Ca and Fe in Ext 2.5−10 (R > 0.70). Strong correlations were observed between species like Cl − and NO − 3 and Mg, Al, Ca and Fe (R > 0.7); atmospheric reactions can occur between acids (HCl and HNO 3 ) and soil particles that have alkaline character (Rao et al, 2016). Mg, Al, K, Sr and Fe were negatively correlated with relative humidity (R ≤ −0.60), suggesting a strong influence of drier conditions over these species.…”

Section: Wsi and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Wsi and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…Wet deposition is an important pathway of pollutant removal from the atmosphere, giving further insights on the chemical composition of precipitation and providing information on long-range transported pollutants. The multiannual wet deposition (WD) fluxes for all studied regions were estimated according to the following equation [21]:…”

Section: Wet Deposition Rates Of Major Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

et al. 2019

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Background: The chemical composition of precipitation was assessed in 27 European countries from 2000 to 2017, offering a general point of view on the rainwater chemistry in Europe, contributing to a larger understanding of air pollution and atmospheric chemistry. Results: The volume-weighted mean concentrations (VWM) were calculated, showing the relative dominance of SO 4 2− and Cl − , explaining the acidic and slightly acidic pH values that ranged from 4.19 to 5.82 over Europe. The VWM concentrations of ionic species measured in rainwater usually followed the SO 4 2

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“…Therefore, different regions have very different chemical composition in precipitation. Generally, Na + and Cl − are abundant along coastal areas [3]; Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are abundant in inland areas [4]; SO 4 2− and NO 3 − are abundant in industrial or urban areas [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Precipitation in a Typical Urban Site of the Hinterland in Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Zhang

Qiao

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Chemistry

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Major water-soluble ions were analyzed for two-year precipitation samples in Wanzhou, a typical urban site of the hinterland of Chinese Three Gorges Reservoir. The pH values of the precipitation were in the range of 4.0 to 8.3, and the volume-weighted mean (VWM) value was 5.0. The concentration order of anions and cations was as follows: SO42->NO3->Cl->F- and NH4+>Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+, respectively. Good correlations were found between SO42- and NH4+, SO42- and Ca2+, NO3- and NH4+, and NO3- and Ca2+, implying their co-occurrence in the precipitation, most likely as (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)HSO4, NH4NO3, CaSO4, and Ca(NO3)2. The sum of all measured ions was 416.4 μeq L−1, indicating serious air pollution in Wanzhou. NH4+ and Ca2+ were the most important ions neutralizing the acidic compounds in the precipitation; their major sources included agricultural activity and crustal dust. Local anthropogenic activities, for example, coal burning and traffic related sources, contributed most of SO42- and NO3-. The equivalent concentration ratio of SO42-/NO3- was 4.5, indicating that excessive emission of sulfur was the main reason leading to the precipitation acidity in Wanzhou. However, this ratio was lower than the ratio (5.9) in 2000s in Wanzhou, indicating that the contribution of nitric acid to the acidity of precipitation was strengthening.

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Sources of chemical species in rainwater during monsoon and non-monsoonal periods over two mega cities in India and dominant source region of secondary aerosols

Cited by 111 publications

References 69 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

Chemical Characteristics of Precipitation in a Typical Urban Site of the Hinterland in Three Gorges Reservoir, China

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