Sources of C2–C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region

Zhang, Yanli; Wang, Xinming; Zhang, Zhou; Lu, Shaoping; Huang, Zhi‐Zhen; Li, Longfeng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.024

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…6a). The maximum formation rate of sulfate in experiments I-2, II-2, and III-2 was 61.5, 21.6, and 113 µg m −3 h −1 , respectively, considerably higher than the rate of 0.17-0.37 ppbv h −1 (0.73-1.59 µg m −3 h −1 under normal temperature and pressure (NTP) conditions) through gas-phase oxidation of SO 2 during the daytime in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China in the summer of 2006 (Xiao et al, 2009), and also more than 10 times higher than the maximum sulfate formation rate of 4.79 µg m −3 h −1 observed at an urban site in Beijing during the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 (Zhang et al, 2011). The formation rate of sulfate was related to the concentrations of SO 2 and OH, which were respectively approximately 7 times higher and 2-16 times lower than those in the study of Xiao et al (2009).…”

Section: Wall Loss Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can enhance the formation of secondary aerosols from biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but its influence on secondary aerosol formation from anthropogenic VOCs, particularly complex mixtures like vehicle exhaust, remains uncertain. Gasoline vehicle exhaust (GVE) and SO2, a typical pollutant from coal burning, are directly co-introduced into a smog chamber, in this study, to investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and sulfate aerosols through photooxidation. New particle formation was enhanced, while substantial sulfate was formed through the oxidation of SO2 in the presence of high concentration of SO2. Homogenous oxidation by OH radicals contributed a negligible fraction to the conversion of SO2 to sulfate, and instead the oxidation by stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs), formed from alkenes in the exhaust reacting with ozone, dominated the conversion of SO2. After 5 h of photochemical aging, GVE's SOA production factor revealed an increase by 60–200 % in the presence of high concentration of SO2. The increase could principally be attributed to acid-catalyzed SOA formation as evidenced by the strong positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.97) between the SOA production factor and in situ particle acidity calculated by the AIM-II model. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) resolved OA's relatively lower oxygen-to-carbon (O : C) (0.44 ± 0.02) and higher hydrogen-to-carbon (H : C) (1.40 ± 0.03) molar ratios for the GVE / SO2 mixture, with a significantly lower estimated average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of −0.51 ± 0.06 than −0.19 ± 0.08 for GVE alone. The relative higher mass loading of OA in the experiments with SO2 might be a significant explanation for the lower SOA oxidation degree.

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Section: Wall Loss Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The refinery was doubt contributing to both pollutants. Lower ratio of xylene/ethylbenzene (X/E) in the earlier half year could demonstrate that the pollutants travel a long distance away from the monitoring site, since xylene was more photoactive than ethylbenzene and this ratio was used as indicators of chemical aging due to the different atmospheric lifetimes (Zhang et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2016). In Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Area Adjacent to a Petroleum Refinery in Jinan, China

Zhang

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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ABSTRACT56 VOCs were monitored for a whole year in a refinery vicinity area in suburban of Jinan, as well as PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and ozone. The results of VOCs and particulate matters showed that January was the most polluted month during the sampling period, possibly resulting from coal burning in the district heating period of Jinan. According to the concentration profiles of monthly variety of the ambient pollutants, the change of VOCs showed a certain extent of positive correlation with PM 2.5 and PM 10 , while negative correlation with ozone. It was found that the average concentration of total VOCs was 50.58 µg m -3 while ethane and ethene were the most abundant VOC species with the concentrations of 24.58 and 3.94 µg m -3 , respectively. The high relative contribution of ethane was unusual, compared with the previous related VOC research in urban area of same city or other cities in China. Based on the analysis of the monitoring data, this area was not majorly affected by major VOCs pollutants from refinery emission. m & p-Xylene of 1.34 µg m -3 was the most abundant pollutant of BTEX. The BTEX ratio analysis presented that traffic exhaust was not the major VOCs source.

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“…Source 1 was characterized by high loads of alkanes (>C 5 ) and alkenes (C 4 -C 6 ) that were mainly from refueling emission [45]. Previous studies also reported that 1-pentene, i-pentane, and C 5 -C 6 alkanes re-enriched during oil evaporation [21,46]. Hence, source 1 was related to oil volatilization.…”

Section: Source Apportionment By Pmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, source 1 was related to oil volatilization. Source 2 was characterized by a high percentage of some heavier alkanes (e.g., n-heptane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2-methylheptane, and 3-methylheptane) which were abundant in diesel exhaust, especially in vehicle-used diesel [46]. N-octane, n-decane, and n-nonane were typical markers of diesel vehicle exhaust [47,48].…”

Section: Source Apportionment By Pmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds in a Petrochemical Region in Arid of NW China: Chemical Reactivity and Source Apportionment

et al. 2019

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We measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the heating, non-heating, and sandstorm periods in the air of the Dushanzi district in NW China and investigated their concentrations, chemical reactivity, and sources. The observed concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were 22. 35 ± 17.60, 33.20 ± 34.15, and 17.05 ± 13.61 ppbv in non-heating, heating, and sandstorm periods, respectively. C 2 -C 5 alkanes, C 2 -C 3 alkenes, benzene, and toluene were the most abundant species, contributing more than 60% of the TVOCs. Among these VOCs, alkenes such as propene had the highest chemical reactivity, accounting for more than 60% of total hydroxyl radical loss rate (L OH ) and ozone formation potential (OFP). Chemical reactivity was the highest in the heating period. The average reaction rate constant (K OH -avg) and average maximum incremental reactivity coefficient (MIR-avg) of the total observed VOCs were (8.72 ± 1.42) × 10 −12 cm 3 /mol·s and 2.42 ± 0.16 mol/mol, respectively. The results of the source apportionment via the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model showed that coal combustion (43.08%) and industrial processes (38.86%) were the major sources of VOCs in the air of the Dushanzi district. The contribution of coal combustion to VOCs was the highest in the heating period, while that of industrial solvents and oil volatilization was the lowest.completion of each sampling. After the sampling, the samples were stored at room temperature and sent to the lab for analysis after a month.

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Sources of C2–C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region

Cited by 67 publications

References 72 publications

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>

Characterization of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Area Adjacent to a Petroleum Refinery in Jinan, China

Volatile Organic Compounds in a Petrochemical Region in Arid of NW China: Chemical Reactivity and Source Apportionment

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Sources of C2–C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region

Cited by 67 publications

References 72 publications

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Characterization of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Area Adjacent to a Petroleum Refinery in Jinan, China

Volatile Organic Compounds in a Petrochemical Region in Arid of NW China: Chemical Reactivity and Source Apportionment

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Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>

Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO<sub>2</sub>