Sources of acute stress in american and australian basketball referees

Anshel, Mark H.; Weinberg, Robert S.

doi:10.1080/10413209508406297

Cited by 73 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results support previous research that concluded on-court experiences negatively impacted the officials' experience (c.f., Anshel and Weinberg 1995;Rainey 1999), but it was clear from our participants FEMALE OFFICIALS 24 the problem was more profound than simply the stress associated with game day officiating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the scant research on officials has focused mainly on males in the role and on the psychological impact of on-the-court fan abuse (Anshel and Weinberg 1995;Rainey 1999).…”

Section: Lack Of Mutual Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the environment can lead to stress, burnout, and conflict (Anshel and Weinberg 1995;Rainey and Hardy 1997). Both Cavallero (1988), who explored Italian baseball umpires, and Folkesson et al (2002) who examined Swedish soccer referees attempted to understand how various coping skills and personality types assist individuals to persevere in the activity despite the negative experiences.…”

Section: Lack Of Mutual Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, research of sports officials has primarily focused on psychological stressors (Anshel and Weinberg 1995;Rainey and Hardy 1997), spectator and on-court abuse (Chiafullo 1998;Rainey 1999), and coping mechanisms (e.g., Balch and Scott 2007;Philippe et al 2009). While FEMALE OFFICIALS 10 there is a developing line of study exploring off-court/field experiences (Kellett and Shilbury 2007;Kellett and Warner 2011;Warner et al 2013) none of it has examined the experiences of females.…”

Section: Summary and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

2014

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In an effort to explore the shortage of female sport officials, the authors examined the experience of eight former female basketball officials from five geographically diverse states in the U.S. who voluntarily left the role. Specifically, the authors asked former female basketball officials to describe their workplace experiences. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and workplace incivility framework, the results indicated that the felt social inequity for female officials detracted from the participants experiencing a sense of community in the workplace, which ultimately led to their discontinuation in the role. Results indicate four key factors that created this uncivil work environment. An examination of the data revealed four major themes. Specifically the female basketball officials reported experiencing a Lack of Mutual Respect from male counterparts; Perceived Inequity of Policies; a Lack of Role Modeling and Mentoring forand from female officials; and experiencing more Gendered Abuse than did their male counterparts. The combination of these four factors exacerbated the female officials' inability to connect to the officiating community and led to their withdrawal from the role. The results further indicate that women officials likely threatened the hegemonic characteristics of a sport setting. Although females have made great strides in terms of sport participation, the practical implications of this research suggest that understanding females in workplace roles, such as officiating, is vital if social equity is to be achieved in the sporting community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the scant research on officials has focused mainly on males in the role and on the psychological impact of on-the-court fan abuse (Anshel and Weinberg 1995;Rainey 1999).…”

Section: Lack Of Mutual Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack Of Mutual Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

2014

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“…This type of work setting can lead to officials feeling stressed, burned out, and cause many to leave the profession all together (Anshel and Weinberg, 1995).…”

Section: Sense Of Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behind the stripes: female football officials' experiences

Nordstrom

Warner

Barnes

2016

IJSMM

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Sources of stress and coping strategies of US soccer officials

Voight

2008

Stress and Health

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Stress from officiating has been found to have a profound impact on official's mental health, attentional focus, performance, satisfaction with their profession and dropout intentions. Although some studies have been conducted regarding the frequency and intensity of the major sources of stress experienced by sport officials, no research has attempted to determine how sport officials cope or attempt to cope with these stressors. Through a national soccer official organization, questionnaire packets were administered to over 200 officials. Questionnaire packets included sources of stress and ways of coping questionnaires. The top sources of stress experienced by the officials included ‘conflict between officiating and family demands,’ ‘making a controversial call’ and ‘conflict between officiating and work demands.’ The top acute coping strategies utilized by the officials included ‘thought hard about steps to manage’ and ‘asked fellow officials what they did’ (problem‐focused strategies). Other results indicated the importance of officials' learning and implementing numerous stress management interventions, including time management, restructuring unproductive thoughts, physiological relaxation techniques, communication training and mental skill training techniques such as imagery, relaxation breathing and self talk. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sources of acute stress in american and australian basketball referees

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

Behind the stripes: female football officials' experiences

Sources of stress and coping strategies of US soccer officials

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